Heterosexual Marriage Essay

In our time we can consider different sex wedding partys homosexual and heterosexual, but which one is better for us. no(prenominal) of us would be in the world if we didnt have a mother and father. God created a slice and a cleaning wo public as the top of his creativity. As they say a woman completes a man and a man completes a woman. This is openness to a new life, which implies a necessity of heterosexual due north. In my opinion, the word man and wife should only take to to a union between a man and a woman because this marriage is lawful everywhere, they have the tender-hearted procreation, and better raise them children. head start of both, I think that union between man and woman is legal everywhere because it is not just in the government law and in religion too. In the world this marriage is legal in all countries, and acceptable in all religious movements. The state recognizes this relationship as a public institution in its laws because the relationship makes a queer and essential contribution to the common good. In some countries they do not recognize gay-marriage, just the union between female and male. For example, in watchword God said It is not good for man to be unsocial, a man leaving his parents and being jointed to his wife. The Bible distinctly identifies marriage as being between a man and a woman.The second thought is heterosexual marriage having the human procreation. The purpose of marriage is to procreation children, so same sex marriage comes down to the biota of the sex organs. For example, a man and woman can have a child, but a woman and a woman, or a man and a man cannot. Therefore, same-sex couples cannot procreate a new life they cannot win this basic function of marriage. The heterosexual have every opportunity to deal to race, and also a healthy way that is not bad for the child.The death important thought, that a union between a man and a woman can better raise a child. The marital union also, provides the best conditions for raising children namely, the stable, loving relationship of a mother and a father present only in marriage. They will not shelve the child who he or she is. For example, father is always your childs teacher a mother also, gives more affection and love. If we combine these deuce thoughts together, the children will growth completely. So, I think that the kids need both parents a father and a mother to grow in good family.I can say that the word marriage should only apply to a union between a man and a woman because this marriage is legal everywhere, they have the human procreation, and better raise them children. This marriage is the living union of a man and a woman, primarily for the purpose of frame a family and provide a stable environment for that family. This is assurances of the descendants family, duration of their family, and savings familys tradition. This type of marriage suitable to the human more than any others, this gives more conditions continua tion of human race, and can mystify legal everywhere.

Guidelines for Completing the Observations of Children Essay

You atomic number 18 required to submit a shroud on your observations (labeled observation report) of 2 young tykeren. As discussed in class, the subjects of your observation should be one boy and one girl who are 3 and 4 divisions of age. The report should be presented in record format and include a verbal description of the center in which the study took place. Included in the report should be a description of each student studied, and the notes on how well the kidskinren performed the milestones in the four categories of child organic evolution (language, physical-gross travel plus fine motor skills-, cognitive and psychosocial development).Under each category, you need to explain how the individual child performed the milestones by using the specified chart. The key to your description should be command by the labels (acquired, emerging, and strategies for home/school). Write a conclusion for each of the summaries. In closing, provide a reflection (labeled reflection) o n how this experience benefitted you as an educator who may one day train with young children. Consult your record book and or an internet source to make recommendations for home/school.The due term for this report can be found in the course syllabus. project the report in a folder and separate the work with tabs and dividers fit to the age of the child. Place the completed grids found in the LAP-3 behind the report. under please find an outline that can be use to take care in writing the reportTitle Observation Report stolon Section(all alone)-Name plus description of the Center and selected personnel.TAB/Divider-Identity and description of the 3 year old. Please include dry land info about the family, if obtainable. In narrative format, present information flatly (labels from the end of the year assessment) labeled identifying the skills of the 3 year old, i.e. if it is(1) language skills acquired wherefore do you say it is acquired, (2) physical developmentemerging-w hy do you say that it is emerging, (3) cognitivestrategies for home/school-why do you say that the child needs extra work and specifically what activities can be used to dish up him or her transport into the acquired category, (4) psychosocialacquired-why do you say it is acquired? Write a conclusion.TAB/Divider-Identity and description of the 4 year old. Please include background info about the family, if obtainable.In narrative format, present information categorically (labels from the end of the year assessment) labeled identifying the skills of the 4 year old. i.e. if it is (1) language skills acquired why do you say it is acquired, (2) physical developmentemerging-why do you say that it is emerging, (3) cognitivestrategies for home/school-why do you say that the child needs extra work and specifically what activities can be used to help him or her move into the acquired category, (4) psychosocialacquired-why do you say it is acquired? Write a conclusion.Reflection-How will t his activity help me to become a good inservce teacher.The completed LAP-3 Grids (End of the Year Summary Sheets-2-one for the 3 and one for the 4 year old)

Industry Analysis: Soft Drinks Essay

Barbara Murray (2006c) explained the spongy confound manufacturing by stating, For years the story in the nonalcoholic sp here(predicate) of influence c computeed on the power struggle between coulomb and Pepsi. But as the pop fight has topped out, the painss giants put on begun relying on rate of f down(p)(a) carrefour flavorsand looking to noncarbonated pledgeings for ontogenesis. In only in all in allege to fully understand the overstuffed confound effort, the following should be considered the dominant scotch factors, five competitive ejaculates, industriousness trends, and the industriousnesss key factors. Based on the analyses of the industry, specific recommendations for foes can then be earnd.Dominant Economic Factors Market size, suppuration set up and over ein truth last(predicate) usefulnessableness argon three economic indicators that can be used to esteem the ticklish suck industry. The trade size of this industry has been changing. fluff y booze consumption has a market shargon of 46. 8% in spite of appearance the non-alcoholic crapulence industry, illustrated in give in 1. Datamonitor (2005) as well as found that the native market take account of meek drinks reached $307. 2 one thousand million in 2004 with a market repute forecast of $367. 1 billion in 2009. Further, the 2004 cushiony drink spectacular deal was 325,367. 2 million liters (see fudge 2).Cl early(a), the blue-blooded drink industry is compensable with a potential for high profits, but thither argon several(prenominal)(prenominal) obstacles to overcome in order to capture the market sh be. The growth rate has been recently criticized due to the U. S. market fertilization of soft drinks. Datamonitor (2005) give tongue to, Looking ahead, scorn square(p) growth in consumption, the orbicular soft drinks market is evaluate to slightly decelerate, reflecting stagnation of market prices. The change is attributed to the other(a) rip ening sectors of the non-alcoholic industry including tea and c arrive atee (11. 8%) and bottled water (9. 3%).Sports drinks and energy drinks are too expected to amplification in growth as competitors pouch adopting in the raw intersection delimitates. 2 Profit powerfulness in the soft drink industry result remain rather solid, but market satu symmetryn especially in the U. S. has caused analysts to suspect a slight deceleration of growth in the industry (2005). Because of this, soft drink leaders are establishing themselves in alternative markets untold(prenominal) as the snack, confections, bottled water, and sports drinks industries (Barbara Murray, 2006c). In order for soft drink companies to continue to grow and maturation profits they leave alone guide to convert their convergence offerings.The geographic scope of the competitive reachry explains some of the economic features found in the soft drink industry. harmonize to Barbara Murray (2006c), The sector is h enpecked by three major playersCoca-Cola is king of the soft drink-empire and boasts a spheric market distribute of around 50%, followed by PepsiCo at closely 21%, and Cadbury Schweppes at 7%. Aside from these major players, smaller companies such as Cott Corporation and National Beverage Comp whatsoever make up the remaining market share. All five of these companies make a spate of their profits outside of the fall in States. carry over 3 launchs that the US does non hold the highest percentage of the world(a) market share, therefore companies need to be able to compete world-widely in order to be victorful. delay 4 indicates that Coca-Cola has a similar diffusion of gross revenue in Europe, uniting America, and Asia. On the other hand, the majority of PepsiCos profits come from the United States (see Table 5). Compared to PepsiCo, Cadbury Schweppes has a stronger global presence with their global mix (see Table 7). Smaller companies are alike trying to establish a gl obal presence. Cott Corporation is a heartfelt example as indicated in Table 8.The saturation of the US markets has change magnitude the global expansion by soft drink leaders to growing their profits. The ease of entry and pass on does non cause competitive pressure on the major soft drink companies. It would be actually difficult for a refreshful company to enter this industry because they 3 would not be able to compete with the establish steel names, distribution channels, and high slap-up investment. Likewise, leaving this industry would be difficult with the significant loss of money from the fixed costs, binding contracts with distribution channels, and advertisements used to create the strong smirch images.This industry is well establish already, and it would be difficult for any company to enter or exit successfully. Three leading companies have prominent presence in the soft drink industry. The leaders include the Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo, and Cadbury Schwepp es. According to the Coca- Cola annual floor (2004), it has the most soft drink gross gross gross revenue with $22 billion. The Coca-Cola product line has several everyday soft drinks including Coca-Cola, regimen Coke, Fanta, Barqs, and Sprite, selling over four hundred drink notices in around 200 nations (Murray 2006a).PepsiCo is the next top competitor with soft drink sales grossing $18 billion for the both potable subsidiaries, PepsiCo Beverages sexual union America and PepsiCo International (PepsiCo Inc. , 2004). PepsiCos soft drink product line includes Pepsi, Mountain Dew, and Slice which make up more(prenominal) than one- run of its sales. Cadbury Schweppes had soft drink sales of $6 billion with a product line consisting of soft drinks such as A&W base Beer, Canada Dry, and Dr. genus Capsicum (Cadbury Schweppes, 2004). pecuniary Analysis The carbonated beverage industry is a super competitive global industry as illustrated in the monetary statements.Accordi ng to John Sicher of Beverage Digest (2005), Coca-Cola was the tally one brand with around 4. 5 billion cases sold in 2004. Pepsi followed with 3. 2 billion cases, and Cadbury had 1. 5 billion cases sold. However, the market share shows a different picture. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo oblige the market share with Coca-Cola holding 43. 1% and Pepsi with 31. 7% (see Graph 1) only these market shares for both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo 4 have slightly decreased from 2003 to 2004. Coca-Colas volume has alike decreased 1. 0% since 2003, whereas PepsiCos volume has growth 0. 4% (see Graph 1).Diet Coke posted a 5% growth, but Coca-Colas other top 10 brands tumbled (Sicher, 2005). Overall, Coca-Colas market position has declined in 2004. The strategic group map (see Graph 1) as well shows the growth of Cott Corp. of 18% which is significantly higher than that of Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. The American Beverage standoff (2006) states that in 2004, the retail sales for the entire soft-drink industry were $65. 9 billion. Barbara Murray (2006e) canvas the industry averages for 2004 and average net profit margin was 11. 29%. The online ratio average was 1. 11 and the riotous ratio average was 0.8. These figures help oneself analyze the financial statements of the major corporations in the industry. As shown in Table 13, Coca-Cola has seen their net profit margin increase from 20. 7% to 22. 1% from 2003 to 2004. According to Coca-Colas annual report (2004), 80% of their sales are from soft drinks therefore the total sales amount of money was used for their financial analysis. These figures show that their profits are increasing, but at a slow rate. This is in line with what is happening in the soft drink industry. The market is highly competitive and growth has remained at a stable level.The slight increase in Coca-Colas profit margin is most likely from their new energy drink product line. This industry is currently expanding rapidly, and is allowing the major beverage compa nies to increase their profits. Table 13 also shows Coca-Colas working capital was around $1. 1 billion in 2004. This is a ample increase from 2003 at only $500 million. This shows that they have sufficient funds to obey new opportunities. However, their current ratio and quick ratio are a cause for concern. A current ratio of 2 or get around is considered good and Coca-Colas was 1.102. This number shows that they may not have nice funds to cover curt term claims. The quick ratio for 2004 was at 5 0. 906 and is considered good when it is greater than 1. This illustrates that Coca-Cola may not have the ability to collapse short term debt without selling inventory. These two numbers are a concern because they are not able to satisfy their short term obligations. The current and quick ratios are in line with the industry averages, however (Murray, 2006e), Coca-Cola needs to ameliorate these ratios in order focus on long-term plans (Coca-Cola Company, 2004).PepsiCos financial st atements cannot be analyzed for only the soft drinks industry because they do not distinguish between logical argumentes. Over fractional their profits are from snacks or other beverage items however there are sales and profit figures for their two beverage subsidiaries. These sales figures grew from closely $16. 5 billion in 2003 to $18 billion in 2004 (Pepsi Co. Inc. , 2004). Their operational profit margin also increase 1% from 2003 to 2004 as illustrated in Table 13. This shows that beverage profits are increasing for them, but also at a slow rate.The increase could be due to the increase in market share that the Pepsi products gained in 2004 (Sicher 2004). The PepsiCo. annual Report (2004) stated that beverage volume increased 3% in 2004, but was goaded by the high growth of the non-carbonated beverage industry. Cadburys current and quick ratios are very similar to those of Coca-Cola. The current ratio and quick ratio for Cadbury Schweppes for 2004 were both 0. 917 (see Ta ble 13). Again, the current ratio should be 2 or more, and the quick ratio should be over 1.This illustrates that Cadbury also has difficulty nonrecreational short term debt and claims. Cadburys net profit margin has increased by 0. 7% from 2003 to 2004. This can be attributed to their market share growth in 2004 of 0. 2% (Sicher, 2005). One ratio that is concerning is their debt to equity ratio for 2004 in Table 13. They have almost two times as untold debt as they do to equity, which means that their funds are mainly provided by creditors as opposed to owners. This is concerning because they 6 owe a lot of money, and mustiness make a decent profit to be able to pay it off.The industry average for debt to equity is 81%, and Cadbury is far from that number (2006e). Also, Cadbury has a negative working capital for both 2003 and 2004, meaning they have more liabilities than assets. This shows that they do not have any funds to pursue new opportunities, as their current assets are b eing used to pay off liabilities (Cadbury, 2004). Overall, the financial statements of the three top competitors in the soft drink industry show that the industry is highly competitive and has little growth. Net profit margins increased for all three corporations, however only at a small rate.It also seems that all three companies lack sufficient current and quick ratios, but are all deep down a intelligent range of the industry average (2006e). This may be due to expanding their product lines to include energy drinks and non-carbonated beverages in order to increase profits and branch out their business. The soft drinks market is now in the matured stage of the life cycle. Growth in the industry has remained stagnant, and the financial statements of the major corporations in the industry illustrate that their sales and income are following this trend.The companies are in good financial positions gross profits and net profit margins are proceed to increase each year. The leverag e and activity ratios are all deep down reasonable range. However, one area all three corporations need to improve on is the liquidity ratios. Their quick and current ratios are low and need to be increased so they are able to meet short obligations. Five Competitive Forces for Coca-Cola Company The soft drink industry is very competitive for all corporations involved, with the greatest competition being that from rival sellers within the industry. All soft drink companies have to 7think about the pressures that from rival sellers within the industry, new entrants to the industry, switch over products, suppliers, and misdirecters. The competitive pressure from rival sellers is the greatest competition that Coca-Cola faces in the soft drink industry. Coca-Cola, Pepsi Co. , and Cadbury Schweppes are the largest competitors in this industry, and they are all globally established which creates a great amount of competition. Though Coca-Cola owns four of the top five soft drink brand s (Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Fanta, and Sprite), it had lower sales in 2005 than did PepsiCo (Murray, 2006c).However, Coca-Cola has higher sales in the global market than PepsiCo. In 2004, PepsiCo dominated North America with sales of $22 billion, whereas Coca-Cola only had about $6. 6 billion, with more of their sales coming from overseas, as shown in Table 4 and Table 5. PepsiCo is the main competitor for Coca-Cola and these two brands have been in a power struggle for years (Murray, 2006c). cross out name loyalty is another competitive pressure. The Brand Keys Customer consignment leadership Survey (2004) shows the brands with the greatest customer loyalty in all industries.Diet Pepsi ranked 17th and Diet Coke ranked thirty-sixth as having the most loyal customers to their brands. Refer to List 15 for the brand loyalty rankings of the various competitors. The new competition between rival sellers is to create new varieties of soft drinks, such as vanilla and cherry, in order to ke ep increasing sales and enticing new customers (Murray, 2006c). spic-and-span entrants are not a strong competitive pressure for the soft drink industry. Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co dominate the industry with their strong brand name and great distribution channels.In addition, the soft-drink industry is fully saturated and growth is small. This makes it very difficult for new, unknown entrants to start competing against the existing firms. Another barrier to entry is the high fixed costs for warehouses, trucks, and labor, and economies of scale. bare-assed 8 entrants cannot compete in price without economies of scale. These high capital requirements and market saturation make it super difficult for companies to enter the soft drink industry therefore new entrants are not a strong competitive force (Murray, 2006c). moderation products are those competitors that are not in the soft drink industry. such substitutes for Coca-Cola products are bottled water, sports drinks, coffee, and tea . Bottled water and sports drinks are increasingly popular with the trend to be a more health conscious consumer. There are more and more more varieties in the water and sports drinks that appeal to different consumers tastes, but also appear better than soft drinks. In addition, coffee and tea are competitive substitutes because they provide caffeine.The consumers who purchase a lot of soft drinks may substitute coffee if they want to keep the caffeine and lose the scratching and carbonation. Specialty blend coffees are also becoming more popular with the increasing number of Starbucks stores that offer many different flavors to appeal to all consumer markets. It is also very cheap for consumers to switch to these substitutes making the threat of substitute products very strong (Datamonitor, 2005). Suppliers for the soft drink industry do not hold much competitive pressure. Suppliers to Coca-Cola are bottling equipment manufacturers and backary packaging suppliers.Although Coca -Cola does not do any bottling, the company owns about 36% of Coca-Cola Enterprises which is the largest Coke bottler in the world (Murray, 2006a). Since Coca-Cola owns the majority of the bottler, that particular supplier does not hold much negotiate power. In terms of equipment manufacturers, the suppliers are generally providing the same products. The number of equipment suppliers is not in short supply, so it is fairly easy for a company to switch suppliers. This takes away much of suppliers bargaining power. 9.The buyers of the Coca-Cola and other soft drinks are mainly large grocers, discount stores, and restaurants. The soft drink companies mobilise the beverages to these stores, for resale to the consumer. The bargaining power of the buyers is very evident and strong. Large grocers and discount stores buy large volumes of the soft drinks, allowing them to buy at lower prices. Restaurants have less(prenominal) bargaining power because they do not order a large volume. Howev er, with the number of battalion are drinking less soft drinks, the bargaining power of buyers could start increasing due to decreasing buyer occupy (Murray, 2006a).Porters Five Forces Model identifies the five forces of competition for any company. The recognition of the strength of these forces helps to see where Coca-Cola stands in the industry. Of the five forces, rivalry within the soft drink industry, especially from PepsiCo, is the greatest source of competition for Coca-Cola. industriousness Changes The soft drink industry is affected by macroenvironmental factors of the industry that will lead to change. First, the entry/exit of major firms is a trend in the industry that will likely lead to change.More specifically, merger and desegregation has been prevalent in the soft drinks market, causing some firms to exit the industry and then re-enter themselves. Several leading companies have been looking to draw revenue growth and improve market share through the increased ec onomies of scale found through mergers and acquisitions. One specific example is how PepsiCo acquired booster Oats, who bought Gatorade which will help expand PepsiCos energy drink sector (Datamonitor, 2005). This trend has increased competition as firms diversification of products is increasing.A second trend in the macroenvironment is globalization. With the growing use of the internet and other electronic technologies, global communication is rapidly increasing. This is 10 allowing firms to collaborate within the demesne market and expand into world markets. It has driven competition greatly as companies strive to be first-movers. Specifically, the global soft drink markets compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is expected to expand to 3. 6% from 2004 to 2009 (Datamonitor, 2005). Third, changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles are serious trends.In the United States and Europe, people are becoming more concerned with a healthy lifestyle. Consumer sensory faculty of health problems arising from obesity and inactive lifestyles represent a serious assay to the carbonated drinks sector (Datamonitor, 2005, p. 15). The trend is causing the industrys business environment to change, as firms are differentiating their products in order to increase sales in a stagnant market. Thus, the long-term industry growth rate, the tail trend, shows low growth in recent years. Since 2000, the CAGR is 1. 5 per cent (Datamonitor, 2005).The low growth rates are of concern for soft drink companies, and several are creating new strategies to combat the low rates. This leads to the fifth trend of growing buyer preferences for differentiated products. Because soft drinks have been around since as early as 1798 (American Beverage Association, 2006), buyers want innovation with the products they buy. In todays globalizing society, being plain is not good enough. According to Barbara Murray (2006c), The key for all of these beverage companies is differentiation. The gian ts have new formulations and appearances.Whatever the strategy, be it a new color, flavor, or formula, companies will strive to create the greatest brand awareness in the minds of the consumer in the hopes of crowding out its competitors. Thus, the last trend, product innovation, is requirement to combat buyers need for a variety of tastes. Firms are already differentiating by taste, with the Coca-Cola company as an example. The firms product line includes fix Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Diet cherry Coke, 11 cherry Coke, Vanilla Coke, Coca-Cola with Lime, Coca-Cola with crumb and many more (Murray, 2006a). Key Success Factors.Key factors for competitive success within the soft drink industry branch from the trends of the macroenvironment. Primarily, constant product innovation is imperative. A company must be able to endorse consumer wants and needs, while maintaining the ability to adjust with the changing market. They must keep up with the changing trends (Murray, 2006c). Another k ey factor is the size of the organization, especially in terms of market share. Large distributors have the ability to negotiate with stadiums, universities and cultivate systems, making them the exclusive supplier for a specified period of time.Additionally, they have the ability to commit to mass purchases that significantly lower their costs. They must put on effective distribution channels to remain competitive. Taste of the product is also a key factor for success. Furthermore, established brand loyalty is a large aspect of the soft drink industry. Many consumers of carbonated beverages are extremely dedicated to a particular product, and rarely purchase other varieties. This stresses the importance of developing and maintaining a superior brand image.Price, however, is also a key factor because consumers without a strong brand preference will select the product with the most competitive price. Finally, global expansion is a vital factor in the success of a company within the soft drink industry. The United States has reached relative market saturation, requiring movement into the global industry to maintain growth (Datamonitor, 2005). Recommendations 12 Looking towards the future, the most authorized recommendation to Coca-Cola is continuing product innovation and expansion of their product line. The soft-drinks industry is fully saturated with competitors.Also, the industry is no longer expanding, and market share is actually decreasing as more consumers are looking to healthier options. By continually introducing new products, Coca-Cola will be able to increase their profits and allow the company to continue to grow. Also, having a diverse product line will make the corporation very stable, which is appealing to investors and creditors. A second recommendation would be to sustain or increase the global market share. Coca-Cola is very well-established globally, and is the global soft-drinks leader. This is very important to sustain because it is the source of the majority of their profits.If they lose global market share, their profits will decline dramatically. A final recommendation for Coca-Cola is to maintain and try to increase their brand loyalty. Diet Coke has the second highest brand loyalty of all the soft-drink competitors brands, and solid advertising campaigns will help maintain the brand loyalty. They can also strive to obtain higher brand loyalty in all other brands, not solely Diet Coke. The brand loyalty is important because it will allow Coca-Cola to sustain profits and maintain their market share. 13 Appendix Table 1 Datamonitor (2005, May). Global Soft inebriations Industry Profile. sensitive York. eccentric Code 0199-0802. Table 2 Datamonitor (2005, May). Global Soft Drinks Industry Profile. New York. Reference Code 0199-0802. 14 Table 3 Datamonitor (2005, May). Global Soft Drinks Industry Profile. New York. Reference Code 0199-0802. Table 4 Murray, Barbara. (2006a). The Coca-Cola Company. Hoovers.Retrieved February 13, 2006, from http//premium. hoovers. com/ submit/co/factsheet. x html? ID=10359 Coca-Cola 2004 sales $ mil. % of total Europe/Eurasia/ spirit East 7,195 33 North America 6,643 30 Asia 4,691 21 Latin America 2,123 10 Africa 1,067 5 Corporate 243 1 thorough 21,962 blowTable 5 Murray, Barbara. (2006b). Pepsi Co. Hoovers. Retrieved February 13, 2006, From http//premium. hoovers. com/ take away/co/profile. xhtml? ID=11166 Pepsi Co. 2004 sales $ mil. % of total US 18,329 63 Mexico 2,724 9 UK 1,692 6 Canada 1,309 4 Other countries 5,207 18 Total 29,261 snow 15 Table 6 Murray, Barbara. (2006b). Pepsi Co. Hoovers. Retrieved February 13, 2006, From http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/profile. xhtml? ID=11166 Pepsi Co. 2004 Sales $ mil. % of total PepsiCo International 9,862 34 Frito-Lay North America 9,560 33 PepsiCo Beverages North America 8,313 28 Quaker Foods North America 1,526 5.Total 29,261 100 Table 7 Murray, Barbara. (2006d). Cadbury Schweepes Inc. Hoovers. Retri eved February 13, 2006, from http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/profile. x html? ID=41767 Cadbury Schweppes 2004 Sales % of total Americas Beverages 33 Europe, Middle East, Africa 25 Americas Confectionery 16 Asia/ pacific 16 Europe Beverages 10 Total 100 Table 8 Walker, Tim (2006). Cott Corporation. Hoovers. Retrieved February 13, 2006, from http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/profile. xhtml? ID=42846 Cott Corporation 2004 Sales $ mil. % of total US 1,221. 8 74 Canada 189. 5 12 UK & Europe 186. 9 11.International 48. 1 3 Total 1,646. 3 100 Table 9 study Financial Data from 2004 Income Statements. 2004 Annual Reports. (in millions) *only 50% of total sales included, the part attributed to beverage sales 16 Table 10 look at Financial Data from 2003 Income Statements. 2004 Annual Reports. (in millions) *only 50% of total sales included, the part attributed to beverage sales Table 11 involve Financial Data from 2004 Balance Sheets. 2004 Annual Reports. (in millions) *only 50% of total sales included, the part attributed to beverage sales 17 Table 12 Select Financial Data from 2003 Balance Sheets.2004 Annual Reports. (in millions) *only 50% of total sales included, the part attributed to beverage sales 18 Table 13 Financial Analysis. Annual Reports. 19 Strategic Group Map goes here 20 List 1 Brand Keys Customer Loyalty Leaders survey (2004) Brandweek. com Brand Loyalty Rankings This year/Brand/Last year 1. Google. com (2) 2. Avis (1) 3. Verizon spacious outstrip (4) 4. KeySpan Energy (9) 5. Samsung roving Phone (7) 6. Hyatt Hotels (19) 7. Sprint Long outdistance (3) 8. Canon Office copier (8) 9. Yahoo. com (14) 10. Miller Genuine write (5) 11. Ritz-Carlton Hotels (17) 12. PSE&G (15) 13. Amazon.com (12) 14. Marriott Hotels (13) 15. Swissotel (NR) 16. Discover Card (27) 17. Diet Pepsi (31) 18. Budweiser (16) 19. Motorola planetary Phone (10) 20. Coors (NR) 21. Netscape. com (59) 22. Sony Ericsson Mobile Phone (93) 23. Capital One Credit Card (29 ) 24. L. L. Bean catalog (20) 25. Wal-Mart (33) 26. Skechers (NR) 27. New Balance Athletic Shoe (22) 28. Miller Lite (87) 29. Starbucks (6) 30. Radisson (48) 31. BP gas (79) 32. Inter-Continental Hotels (NR) 33. Sears enrolment (30) 34. Verizon piano tuner (37) 35. Schwab. com (26) 36. Diet Coke (47) 37. Mobil gasolene (25) 38. T-Mobile Wireless (76) 39. bell South Long Distance (28) 40. Adidas Athletic Shoe (23) 41. ETrade. com (42) 42. J. Crew Catalogue (54) 43. FedEx (50) 44. Westin Hotels (73) 45. Excite. com (35) 46. Hilton Hotels (36) 47. HotBot. com (34) 48. Sanyo Mobile Phone (NR) 49. MSN. com (38) 50. AltaVista. com (51) 21 51. AT&T Long Distance (24) 52. Spring PCS Wireless (60) 53. Pepsi (61) 54. Target (62) 55. Jet Blue Airways (67) 56. Bud wanton (32) 57. Sears Store (40) 58. Sheraton Hotels (46) 59. Lands End Catalogue (55) 60. Hampton Inn Hotels (NR) 61. Nokia Mobile Phone (11) 62. MCI Long Distance (83) 63. Holiday Inn Hotels (NR) 64.Ameritrade. com (104) 65. Be st Hesperian Hotels (NR) 66. Lycos. com (39) 67. Wyndham Hotels (68) 68. Xerox Office Copier (82) 69. Today (NBC) (56) 70. NFL (70) 71. MLB (58) 72. AOL. com (88) 73. Fox & Friends (Fox News Channel) (NR) 74. southwestward Airlines (64) 75. Exxon Gasoline (43) 76. DHL/Airborne Express (45) 77. BarnesandNoble. com (152) 78. AskJeeves. com (113) 79. Embassy Suites (86) 80. Nextel Mobile Phone (148) 81. SBC Long Distance (21) 82. TDWaterhouse. com (49) 83. Apple Computers (66) 84. Budget Rent A Car (71) 85. Subway (91) 86. Coors devolve (81) 87. Texaco Gasoline (18) 88. Poland Spring (NR) 89.Chevron Gasoline (44) 90. J. C. Penney (75) 91. Expedia. com (85) 92. Fidelity. com (65) 93. Qwest Long Distance (41) 94. indorse Card (100) 95. UPS (127) 96. Aquafina (NR) 97. Gateway Computers (53) 98. Hertz (84) 99. Amstel Light (97) 100. Amoco Gasoline (101) 101. Nike (94) 102. Ramada Hotels (NR) 103. T. Rowe Price vernacular Fund (74) 104. Cingular Wireless (107) 105. Con Edison (57) 106. Enterprise Rent-A-Car (90) 22 107. Nextel Wireless (134) 108. Delta Air Lines (72) 109. American Morning (CNN) (63) 110. Arrowhead (NR) 111. Dell Computers (69) 112. Fleet bound (157) 113. NBA (98) 114. New York Life insurance policy (139).115. pizza Hut (105) 116. National Discount Brokers (102) 117. MerrillLynch. com (95) 118. necrotizing enterocolitis (NR) 119. Panasonic Mobile Phone (124) 120. Fidelity (96) 121. Dasani (NR) 122. Papa Johns (118) 123. CDNow. com (153) 124. Datek. com (77) 125. south Mobile Phone (52) 126. IBM Computers (110) 127. Best Buy (154) 128. Reebok Fitness Shoes (103) 129. Sunoco Gasoline (121) 130. Wendys (115) 131. Wachovia Bank (89) 132. Good Morning America (ABC) (120) 133. Buy. com (142) 134. Corona (132) 135. CheapTickets. com (NR) 136. HP Computers (92) 137. PNC Bank (NR) 138. Shell Gasoline (119) 139. Dunkin Donuts (109).140. Coca-Cola (129) 141. Citibank (112) 142. Early Show (CBS) (151) 143. AT&T Wireless (99) 144. Travelocity. com (138) 145 . Bank of New York (158) 146. Bank of America (NR) 147. Continental Airlines (114) 148. CSFB. com (125) 149. Toshiba Computers (NR) 150. JP Morgan pursue Bank (106) 151. Krispy Kreme Doughnuts (117) 152. American Express Credit Card (135) 153. Deer honey oil (NR) 154. Sony Vaio (111) 155. Fodors. com (128) 156. Dominos Pizza (122) 157. Compaq Computers (80) 158. KFC (116) 159. Little Caesars (140) 160. Putnam (126) 161. Burger King (136) 162. Vanguard vulgar Fund (78) 23 163.United Air Lines (137) 164. Evian (NR) 165. Heineken (155) 166. Minolta Office Copier (159) 167. Travelers Insurance (144) 168. McDonalds (141) 169. National Car Rental (145) 170. Sharp Office Copier (169) 171. Hotels. com (147) 172. Janus Mutual Fund (123) 173. Ricoh Office Copier (164) 174. Godfathers (130) 175. Roundtable Pizza (131) 176. MetLife Insurance (162) 177. First USA (NR) 178. Fila (172) 179. Arbys (161) 180. American Airlines (143) 181. USPS Parcel deliverance (156) 182. Prudential Insurance (1 63) 183. Dollar Rent A Car (167) 184. Bank One (NR) 185. Hardees (165) 186. Mountain Dew (168)187. PriceLine. com (160) 188. Chuck E. Cheese Pizza (146) 189. MasterCard (150) 190. US Airways (166) 191. Aetna Insurance (174) 192. 7 Up (170) 193. Dr Pepper (176) 194. Alamo Rent-a-Car (178) 195. Jack in the Box Restaurant (171) 196. Taco Bell (173) 197. The Hartford Insurance (175) 198. Becks (179) 199. White Castle (177) 200. NHL (180) 201. Diet 7 Up (108) 202. Kmart (182) 203. Diet Dr Pepper (133) 24 Works Cited American Beverage Association (2005). Soft Drink Facts. Retrieved February 21, 2006 from http//www. ameribev. org/variety/facts. asp Cadbury Schweppes. (2004). 2004 Annual Report.Retrieved February 17, 2006 from http//www. cadburyschweppes. com Datamonitor. (2005, May). Global Soft Drinks Industry Profile. New York. Reference Code 0199-0802. Hein, Kenneth. (2004). Brand Loyalty 2004. Retrieved February 12, 2006 from http//www. brandkeys. com/news/press/102504Brandweek. Loyalt y. pdf Murray, Barbara. (2006a). The Coca-Cola Company. Hoovers. Retrieved February 13, 2006, from http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/factsheet. xhtml? ID=10359 Murray, Barbara. (2006b). Pepsi Co. Hoovers. Retrieved February 13, 2006, from http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/profile. xhtml?ID=11166 Murray, Barbara. (2006c). Carbonated Beverages. Hoovers. Retrieved February 13, 2006, from http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/ind/overview. xhtml? HICID=1049 Murray, Barbara. (2006d). Cadbury Schweppes Inc. Hoovers. Retrieved February 13, 2006, from http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/profile. x html? ID=41767 Murray, Barbara. (2006e). Comparison Data. Hoovers. Retrieved February 13, 2006, from http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/fin/comparison. xhtml? ID=10359 PepsiCo Inc. (2004). 2004 Annual Report. Retrieved February 17, 2006 from http//www. pepsico. com Sicher, J. D. (2005). Beverage.

Globalization and Technology Negotiation Strategy Article Analysis Essay

Globalization and Technology Negotiation Strategy word Analysis Negotiation outline and planning are important in understanding how a negotiator should engage the issue. fit to Lewicki, Saunders, and Barry (2006), negotiators can earn their closing easily by using an effective plan and acquiring a solid strategy in the negotiating room. In this paper, talks strategy go away be discussed on how the unite States is trying to resist worldwideization and technology from foreign countries in the orbicular market. The following key elements will be discussed (1) description of globalization policies, and (2) duologue strategies with china.Description of Globalization PoliciesAccording to an article from uschamber.com (2011), businesses have become very high-tech and companies are refer with global regulatory issues. The United States has joined international policy to wait on resist foreign globalization into the country. An example of dialogue policies is the use of meshwo rk privacy, free trade agreements, and standards in the telecommunication market. The United States is using bulletproof negotiation tactics to help persuade China and other countries to adapt to globalization standards.Negotiation Strategies with ChinaThe negotiation strategy in relations with China is through intimidation of military China has apply a policy of secrecy in negotiation and has utilize their economic occasion to negotiate global agreements. Even though United States is a subdue military power, the negotiation strategy consists of a distri yetive dicker vogue concerning the dealing of global economics with China. Chinas ultimate goal of globalization throughout the Southeast Asia is under a strict negotiation strategy of conflict management between the United States and China. The distributive bargaining style has been usedby the United States when dealing with Chinas get over role in economics. The United States has had to use accommodative negotiation strat egy to help negotiate treaties with countries helping keep China in check from grand globally. Example is how Taiwan has been threaten globally by China but the Unites States uses accommodations with other countries to help gain up on China.Summary and ConclusionIn this paper, negotiation strategy was discussed on how the United States is trying to resist globalization and technology from foreign countries in the global market. The following key elements will be discussed (1) description of globalization policies, and (2) negotiation strategies with China. In conclusion, distributive bargaining and accommodative negotiation strategies were discussed on how China global expansion has been kept at rest. China is a dominate economic power but Chinas expansion into global dominance is a rest throughout the world. Distributive bargaining has been used by China to take a hold on dominating the economic regulations put on other countries. China does not pose the same sanctions other coun tries may receive from political outcry. The United States is in losing situation when trying to negotiate economic sanctions on China but does have the power to stop China from globalization. Military power is used to help control conflict and only time will demonstrate if China continues to back down in the global environment.ReferencesGlobalization and technology. (2011). U.S. bedchamber of Commerce. Retrieved from http//www.uschamber.com/issues/technology/globalization-and-technology Lewicki, R. J., Saunders, D. M., & Barry, B. (2005). Negotiation (5th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw Hill. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Resource, MGT/445 Organizational Negotiations https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/resource/resource.asp

The Meiji Restoration

university of georgia The Meiji Period made lacquer big midterm examination Question 2 christian driver 10/23/2012 The Meiji overhaul in lacquer is kn let as the end of Japans isolationism, and its entrance into the solid ground as a global player. However, the Meiji restoration is principally responsible for the development and advancement of Japan as an eastern world power. Japans economy was greatly bolstered and untested philosophies and ideals from the western hemisphere flood in. These ideas opened minds to different ways of thought.The reason the Meiji restoration took place is pay fitting to the western powers and cultural and establishmental turmoil. When the black ships arrived in Japan, the Tokugawa shogun realized that they were technologically outclassed by the western nations, he agreed to treaties that put the west at an advantage, and Japan at a disadvantage. Many leaders were elicit by these treaties and feared that Japan would share the same fate as m any a(prenominal) other Asian countries. Thus, the Meiji emperor was restored to power, but he did not find directly.He was expected to accept the advice of the daimyo that had overthrown the shogun, and it was from this group that a small number of ambitious, able and patriotic young men from the lower ranks of the samurai emerged, to take control and launch the new governmental system. At first, their only strength was that the emperor sure their advice. In addition several powerful feudal domains provided military support. They go quickly, however to build their own military and economic control.By July 1869, the feudal professional had been requested to give up their domains, and in 1871 these domains were abolished and trans make into prefectures of a incorporated central state. The abolition of feudalism made tremendous social and political changes possible. Because of the Meiji reforms millions of people were suddenly dissolve to choose their occupation and move nigh without restrictions. By providing a new environment of political and financial security, the political relation made investments in new industries and technologies possible.The government led the way by building railways and shipping lines, telegraph and telephone systems three shipyards, ten mines, fin munitions works, and fifty three consumer industries (making sugar, glass, textiles. cement. chemicals, and other important products)Taira,85. This was very expensive, however and heavy government finances, so that in 1880 the government decided to sell approximately of these industries to private investors, encouraging such(prenominal) activity though subsidies and other incentives.Some of the daimyo and merchants who strengthened these industries launch major corporate conglomerates called zaibatsu, which controlled much of japans modern industrial sector. The government also introduced study educational systems and a constitution creating an elected sevens called the die t. They did this to provide a good environment for national growth, win the notice of the westerners, and build support for the modern state.In the Tokugawa period, popular education had spread rapidly, and by 1872 the government established a national system to educate the unblemished population. By the end of the Meiji period, almost everyone attended the free public schools for at least six years. The government closely controlled the schools making sure that in addition to the skills like mathematics and reading all students studied honorable training, which stressed the importance of their duty to the emperor, the coun canvass and their families Fridell, 823.Catching up on the military sector was a high priority for Japan in the era of European and American imperialism. To win the cite of the western powers and incline them to change the unequal treaties that Japan had been forced to sign in the 1850s, Japan changed its entire legal system, adopting a new criminal and civi l autograph modeled subsequently those of France and Germany. The western nations finally agreed to revise the treaties in 1894, acknowledging Japan as a equal in principle, although not as an international power.Universal conscription was introduced, a new modeled army after the Prussian force, and a navy modeled after the British was established which led to new conflicts of interest in Korea and Manchuria. This time between Russia and Japan , led to the Russo-Japanese contend in 1904-05. The Japanese army won this war, gaining land and finally some international paying attention. Japan further increased its sour on Korea and annexed it completely in 1910 parsons,23. In Japan, the success in war caused nationalism to increase ven more, and other Asian nations also started to develop national self confidence. The relatively quick success of the Japanese was not to be attributed mainly to external factors, such as the impact of the west on Japan, because other countries of comp arable experience or size reacted quite otherwise to external variants and pressures. The reasons should rather be sought in internal changes, such as the great homogeneity of the Japanese people and their strong self-identity. Their sentiency of the possibilities of learning abroad was also a distinct advantage.Even the social tensions of the belated Tokugawa times were an asset to a country facing great changes. And it should be remembered that, though Japan was preindustrial in economy and feudal in political pattern, its economic and political institutions were highly complex and sophisticated. The country had standards of bureaucratic tower that did not suffer by comparison with the west in honesty or efficiency. With perhaps 45 part of its men and 15 percent of its women literate, Japan also was not far behind the leading countries of the westerly in literacy levels.Another important factor was that the change could be justified by Japanese minds, not through newly lear ned foreign concepts, such as democracy or, later, communism, but by Japans own ancient system of imperial rule. The utilization of a native ideology undoubtedly smoothed an otherwise wrenching change and made it slightly less traumatic. Japan became a very robust nation with as much potential as any western country. The Meiji reforms helped create an industrial, capitalist state with a powerful economy and military.The government also introduced a constitution by creating an elected parliament called the diet to win the respect of westerns and to generate a good environment for national growth. Japan gained recognition by the West and stayed an independent country. The Meiji restoration was very significant and cardinal for Japanese economy and the recognition of the rest of the world. Millions of people were suddenly free to choose their occupation and move without trouble.The main effect of the Meiji restoration was that it formed a strong, unified and centralized government w hich regulated all the aspects of social club and in addition the government set up new universities and new school to teach people the modern technology. Work sited Cite your data here, this is an example of how to do it Straight copied and pasted from the jstor The Abdominal Skeleton of Tropidurid Lizards (Squamata Tropiduridae) Omar Torres-Carvajal Herpetologica , Vol. 60, zero(prenominal) 1 (Mar. , 2004), pp. 75-83 Published by Herpetologists League Article Stable uniform resource locator http//www. jstor. org. proxy-remote. galib. uga. du/ lasting/3893573 This is how you make out it Omar Torres-Carvajal,The Abdominal Skeleton of Tropidurid Lizards (Squamata Tropiduridae), Herpetologica , Vol. 60, No. 1 (Mar. , 2004), pp. 75-83,Herpetologists League, http//www. jstor. org. proxy-remote. galib. uga. edu/stable/3893573 Remember to catalogue multiple citations in alphabetical order and to indent every line after the first one. Take out special(a) words such as Published by, etc. and try to remove the hyperlinks Everything else is edited, but since I did not receive the citations you have to edit this yourself Good luck and see you tomorrow in class

Functional Benchmarking: Learning from best practices to improve service quality in medium and small hotels

Despite the prevalent debate of organizational education, in that location is pocket-sized learned contri moreoverion on promoting learning through with(predicate) the realistic theatrical role of solicitude apparatus. This is particularly correct in a complex home(prenominal) supply serial milieu of an institute. Benchmarking is documented as a bouncy factor for constant enhancement of role. A large amount of publications by a variety of authors reveal the signifi shagce of this practice. Reviews of writings on benchmarking reserve been prepargond in the past by a elfin identification number of authors. However, bearing in mind the contributions in the recent times, a to a greater extent complete examination is attempted here.In this essay, the authors have reviewed benchmarking literature in a manner that would help re counters, academicians and practitioners to take a deeper heart at the expansion, cultivation and applicability of this method. The authors have exam ined a range of papers and have pass judgment a diverse plan of categorization. In amplification, certain gaps that would present clues for purposeless study in benchmarking have been recognized. Study Questions A study of piddling hospitality seames was undertaken in order to address the following research questions1) How grand is the formal and informal practice of benchmarking in small hospitality businesses? 2) What kinds of practices and approaches be more or less likely to be benchmarked in small hospitality businesses? 3) How is the corporate culture of firms in the small hospitality manufacture associated with their interest in benchmarking best practices? Principal Findings Comparing performance figures is the map in the benchmarking turnes that seem to be accepted and applied by tourism managers rather than more complex procedures like analyzing or optimizing.However, there is a growing body of researchers assuming that benchmarking is non soaply a simile prac tice. Studying the business feat of a number of hospitality sectors (attractions, restaurants and caterings, motels) Bergin et al. (2000) magical spell that benchmarking is frequently confused with the practice of viable assessment studies. Terms much(prenominal) as benchmarking, interfirm comparisons and competitive comparison analysis are inaccurately interchanged. Benchmarking is idea to be a more potent tool than competitive comparison. rouge WordsBenchmarking, competitive comparison, comparison analysis, interfirm comparisons, hospitality sectors. Introduction Benchmarking is concerned with obtaining information through relative study and applying it to develop internal procedures or practices (Smith, 1997). Whilst Business week has light upond benchmarking as a euphemism for legally ripping off approximatelybody elses idea (McGonagle and Fleming, 1998), meaningful analysis and successful implementation is shown to be a complex task. As McNary (1994) observes what very much gets copied in benchmarking are hardly the symptoms of success instead of the causes of success.This review checks existing literature on benchmarking, particularly with respect to context, procedure, needs and benefits. The applicability to higher education is examined and results drawn. ending makers are continuously on the look out for methods to make contingent quality up mark. Benchmarking is one such technique that has developed into a pop process in the recently. Benchmarking is one of many total quality management tools, which comprise problem solving, procedure reengineering and process improvement. According to DeToro (1995), benchmarking needs to be positioned within this larger context.From the strategic perspective, benchmarking could only be a piece of the jigsaw of initiatives needed to achieve substantial improvements (Smith, 1997). The challenge is to match the process with the optimal tool or technique (Keehley, 1997). Though benchmarking is not up-to-the -minute, it has instantly found more users, and takes up a major place, helping quality development. Quite regularly, the benchmarking notion is understood to be an act of imitating or replicating. hardly in actuality this proves to be an idea that aids in originality rather than imitation, as stated by Thompson and Cox (1997).Many authors have contributed to the literature on benchmarking turn up in more than 350 publications as of June 2002. Taking in the growth of publications, some efforts have been made in the past to review the literature. Despite the widespread discussion of both organizational learning and the learning organization (Yeo, 2005), there are few practical tools to promote learning within a supply chain context that also assign implementation advice for practitioners (Garvin, 1993 Shipton, 2004). This paper, by from providing a review of literature on benchmarking, envelops the following objectives(1) Assembling the publications in a methodical way to allow easy and quick search (2) Classification of literature (3) Analysis of result of publications and (4) Discover gaps plus presenting hints for and research. As benchmarking relevance is rising considerably in large organizations, they have, as yet, had restricted application among small hospitality businesses. Much interest has been paid to small businesses in current tourism and hospitality literature, but this has relate on savings, finance and the use of technology (e. g. Buhalis, 1993 Kwansa, 1994 Ozer, 1996).There has been little research to appraise performance points of small hospitality businesses either as singular organizations or as workings of touring car destinations. This paper argues that benchmarking offers benefits for small hospitality businesses and for the destinations where they are situated. This is mainly true of grading designs, where most of the fee is sustained by grading organizations, not by the small business themselves. Awards or grades give custo mers self-assurance and at the same time present a yard measure of competitiveness within the location area.Literature review The literature review focuses on exploring the potential of benchmarking to facilitate learning. It signifies the critical performance areas in classification and grading schemes in small to medium hotels. In the following part it specifies how concourse benefit from the stated grading schemes and how benchmarking is a useful grading scheme for hotel managers. Tourist destinations components of attractiveness Mill and Morrison (1992) make a note that tourist destinations are made of attractions, facilities, infrastructure, exaltationation and hospitality.Laws (1995) spots chief essentials contributing to the attractiveness of a tourist destination as being climate, ecology, culture and handed-down architecture and less important rudiments specifically for tourist groups, e. g. hotels, catering, transport and entertainment. Goodall and Bergsma (1990) consid er total cost a fifth constituent, in addition to attractions, facilities/services, accessibility and image. Destination choice, image and pleasure have all been the nubble of extensive tourism research(McLellan and Fousher, 1983 Pyo et al. , 1989Selby and Morgan, 1996 Sirakaya et al. , 1996).The subsequent inventory demonstrates components of tourist destination attractiveness, amassed from these sources, which were literature reviews concerning tourist destination choice, image and tourist satisfaction. Attractions Scenery/natural resources humour Culture Food History Ethnicity and Accessibility. Facilities and services Accommodation Airports bus/ cosmic string stations Sport facilities Entertainment Shopping centers and Food and beverage facilities. root Water systems Communication ne 2rks Health care Power sources Sewage/drainpipe areas Streets/highways and Security systems. Hospitality Friendliness Helpfulness and Responsiveness to complaints. Cost appreciate for money Accommodation prices Food and beverage prices Transportation prices and Shopping prices this instant or indirectly, small businesses participate in an dynamic role in granting roughly all the physical and intangible components of attractiveness acknowledged in the lists shown above. Thus, they contribute signifi sterntly to visitor satisfaction/dissatisfaction and to tourist opinion and images of destinations. mild hospitality businessesHotel firms provide products which complicate tangible and intangible elements that combine into an exclusive combination of production and service. While room provision is a saturated service activity, food and beverage functions involve processing and retailing processes. This energy signify that the actual delivery of hospitality services whitethorn turn widely and that the benefits derived are associated with feelings or emotions. The repercussions are that consumers use biased and self-contradictory frames of refe rence to judge the quality of services, presenting difficulties for the hotel operative in satisfying the customer.Customer preconception is emphasized in Day and Peters comments that Quality is rather like crock in this respect. We may not be able to describe it easily, but we know it when we see it. Its ambiguity is amplified because high quality service is often delivered by impulsive and since reacts by hotel staff which cannot simply be honorable or scripted, but are even so an important means of client satisfaction. In order to endure and be successful, a business has to make sure that it is producing the goods or services that the customer wants, that it gets its quality right, and that it brings on time.There is a growing body of evidence which suggests that are straight links with the satisfaction of the server and customer, repeat sales and profits. Heskettet al. implies that quality, repeat usage, profits and investment funds form a self-reinforcing rotation. As a res ult, despite the apparently terrible nature of the hotel product, service improvement can represent an important source of competitive advantage because quality in service delivery can lead to more repeat custom and greater sales revenue.Augmented initiation may also benefit managers and staff whose tangible and intangible benefits include job satisfaction, profit sharing and esteem. Small businesses are imperative to the monetary health of both developed and developing countries. Gavron et al. (1998) makes a note of the invigoration of the hospitality and tourism sector in this regard, in which low barrier to access generally ensure a steady supply of new(a) businesses at the same time as unproductive or wasteful ones are going through difficulty. Quinn et al. (1992) remarks on the somewhat low capital of the United States investment required to start new small tourist businesses.Entry be can be abridged even for relatively asset-intensive businesses such as hotels, throug h leasing or through mortgage/loan agreements. Welshand White (1981) describe as resource poverty the inclination of small hospitality businesses to be petty of financial backing and management skill and Gavron et al. (1998) refer to this as the reason why 64 per cent of UK small businesses fall short within four years. In Germany, where an inspection is required before an industrialist can start up in business, the rate is 32 per cent.Specific tourism-related statistics are limited, but, for example, Chelland Pittaway (1997) base that almost 50 percent of restaurants did not endure the first two years in their study. The British Venture Capital Association (1996) makes a note that many small business managers are provoked by life style rather than economic and success issues. While this does not automatically mean that they function to insufficient professional standards, it does simply that they may not be motivated to endeavor further improvement in a business which already pro duces adequate profits.Eggers et al. (1994) note that businesses either look for stabilization or have an expansion orientation. They categorize a series of central business stages and comment that a business which is thriving at one stage may not have the knowledge important to uphold success in others. Thus, although small businesses have a racy part in creating tourist satisfaction, they are neither a homogenous group, nor able to give constantly high service delivery.

Haiti Earthquake Essay

Haiti is situated in Hispaniola in the Caribbean. Hispaniola, which consists of two countries friar pr for each oneer Republic and Haiti itself. Haiti is the poorest farming in the Western Hemisphere and it is the 145th poorest country the world. 80% of its 9.7 million people live below the poverty line. The Haitian seism occurred on the 12th January 2010 it remaining the country in devastation.The Social impacts of this earthquake left people home little, the Haitian homes were not earthquake resistant as this was the biggest earthquake that Hispaniola has had so they did not prepare for it , the last earthquake occurred in Dominican Republic. The quake didnt only leave the country either unawares or injured it likewise brought back cholera a ailment that the country hadnt seen for a century this was because of the wrecked water treatment systems and crowded conditions it had spread quickly. forage shortage was also a locating ready to the Haitian earthquake as staple cro ps like maize, plantains and bananas had been stirred by the earthquakes mainly by the dust or being squashed, which way of life Haiti had to rely even more on increasingly expensive aliment imports that they couldnt afford as country.Injuries and deaths was a big impact as the population went down .The death total tolls topped 200,000 a come in of bodies were found under buildings and injuries were caused, fire fighters tried to retrieve many of these people, any(prenominal) survived but some sadly lost their lives. Another side effect after the devastation of Haiti was more crime as 3000 prisoners escaped. After the earthquake, orphans were also formed as parents of young children died and children were left homeless(prenominal)(prenominal), parentless school less as the construction of the school wasnt earthquake resistant each and e truly school in Haiti was destroyed. Life expectancy also went lower berth to 62 years and 7 months only. No residents couldnt be help witho ut clean drinking water and dead bodies rotting in the piquant sun the risk of life threatening diseases were judge. Economic Impacts was to do with government, the salute to redo and how Haiti was 145th poorest country in the world so they had no money to rebuild.Death tolls topped 200,000 and reliable industries andstructures were destroyed, leaving the nation in a tough situation. Haiti had never been known as a squiffy country. The homes of people were destroyed and job menages were destroyed, so nobody could work, so no money could be made in the country on that pointfore there was no income for the residents to rely on to rebuild the nation. Haiti had no chance to rebuild the country with their income in 2010. It is been no different three years by and by in 2014. In 2009 Haitis GDP stood at $11.9 billion compared to $11.6 billion in 2008. The population in Haiti increases by 2% of the total population of 10 million every single year. This made the country less rich be cause they didnt have enough income for such large count people for the government to rebuild homes, more schools etc.Shops and businesses were destroyed. Looting had to distribute place. Damage to transport and communication links made trade became very difficult. environmental impacts were outcomes of the earthquake to the environment. Farmers areas had been destroyed no crops could be grown referable the dust and the destruction of the country. Air was also a victim to this contingency as it was polluted by the dust of the buildings and that collapsed and water was abnormal as chemicals and spillages from collapsed buildings oil had leaked out of damaged storage facilities into water which made it poisoned. The seism reduced Haitis forest cover from 60% per cent to less than 2 per cent today.Today the population in Haiti has increased to 10.32million people. To negate any further destruction to the country in future they should shell out making their homes earthquake resis tant and the country less populated to overturn a poor country. The number of people living in camps decreased from 1.5 million to 145,403 today, allowing over one million people to return home. more than 11,000 families have now been relocated, allowing the closure of 50 temporary camps. UNDP has been a major help to Haiti to help rebuild their small nation.UNDP is a charity that helps affected countries like Haiti.Key words Definitions.Earthquakes Sudden release of energy by means of the earths crust in the form of waves. Tension builds up within the crust as convectional forces in the mantle try to pop off the plates above but are prevented from doing so by friction amid plates. When friction is overcome, an earthquake occurs.Social Impacts Social impact is the effect of an occupation on the social fabric of the community and well-being of individuals and families Convectional Transfer of combust in a gas or liquid by upwardly movement of the hotter, less dense portion. Cholera Cholera is an infection of the intestines. mickle get it from drinking water or eating food thats contaminated with a type of bacteria called Vibrio cholera. Food Imports Food imported from other countriesLife expectancy How long you are expected to live forEconomic Impacts Impacts that have affected the countrys money GDPGross Domestic Product.Population All the inhabitants of a grouchy placeIncomes Money received.Looting Stealing from unguarded homes or businessesEnvironmental Impacts Impacts to do with Environment affecting the Landscape UNDP United Nation victimization Programme is a charity.Convectional Final way that heat is transferred from one place to another is convection

Nursing Management of Care Delivery and Therapeutic Interventions Essay

nurse Management of caution Delivery and Therapeutic Interventions unofficial Management of a Proposed Service ImprovementWord Count 1,051The pursuance assignment result discuss a proposed dish good. It will breaker point what the proposed remedyment will be, why this is a significant improvement to on-going services. How the plan would be managed and implemented. The educatee has chosen to plan an improvement to corporeal wellness needs prizements for psychic wellness service users in the condole with of community of interests teams.Physical wellness is historically more often than not overlooked in intellectual health services, although many people with grueling and enduring mental illnesses ar at an increased risk of promise serious illness, for simulation, diabetes, coronary heart disease and obesity (DH, 2006 a). The Refoc employ the C atomic number 18 Programme Approach 2008 instrument, discusses the links between mental ill health and physiologic ill h ealth and the consequential increase in the pose of mortality and morbidity for those with mental health illness. The possible reasons for these inequalities include array effects from medication leading to somatic ill health i.e. tip gain, raised blood pressure. Low expectations of health heraldic bearing services, issues well-nigh blemish and possible communication problems with health care professionals. (DH 2006 b).The Sainsbury centre for mental health (SCMH) posits that someone with a schizophrenic illness could expect to die up to ten years younger than someone who does not have a mental health illness (SCMH, 2010). This shocking statistic is a prime example of the inequalities faced by those with mental health problems within the health care services. For these reasons the student feels that more rigorous and frequent sensible health assessments are required for those people with mental health illnesses, to monitor any changes to the state of their somatogenetic hea lth.Within the students community placement areas on that point has been a lack of detailed physical health checks or assessments. Although the community teams deliver strong care for the clients mental health needs in that respect appears to be a lack of awareness around physical health needs and the importance of regular checks. The authoritative physical health assessments that are under sweep upn in the students ward consists of a very basic overview of any current diagnosed health issues, any medications prescribed for said illnesses and generalised questions around weed, smoking cessation services etc. conceive, a national mental health charity, recognises the short comings of mental health professionals concerning current physical health assessments.It has and then published a detailed physical health check for practitioners use. The student has created a physical health assessment using the consider model. The rethink PHC complies with all aspects of annual review p rocess put forward by the subdivision of health (DH 2006 c). This includes basic health checks such as blood pressure, BMI, current meds and any side effects, blood tests and actionstyle review i.e. smoking, alcohol intake. The student has taken the lead from the Rethink PHC document as it appears very thorough and detailed. The student PHC contains the headings below (See Appendix 1) planetary wellness and lifestyleSymptoms checklistScreening checksAction PlanThe student feels the virtually impressive use of the PHC would be to conduct the full assessment at least once every four months, increasing frequency when and if necessary. This enables the service user and the mental health practitioner enough time to take effective action on any identified needs and assess the outcome. The student plans to implement this service improvement in a represent approach using the NHS institute for innovation and improvement model for improvement (NHS 2005). (See Appendix 2).The first st age of the plan will involve liaising with the multi disciplinal team, consisting of mental health nurses, occupational therapists and social workers. Discuss the current outline of PHC and the various aspects of how the new PHC will be implemented and managed. Discuss with cater the proposal of offering this PHC to clients on a four monthly keister and the rationalebehind it, this being the likelihood of a person with a mental health problem suffering from a serious physical illness. The Chief Nursing Officers review of mental health nursing, From values to action 2006 recommends that mental health nurses attain the skills required to improve the physical well-being of people with mental health problems. In a community setting, many RMNs as well as other(a) mental health practitioners act as care co-ordinators and, as such, are in a particularly strong sight to ensure that the whole range of health needs are assessed and responded to. (DH 2006 d).In doing so, community teams would be offering completely holistic care. All mental health practitioners within the team would be given training around the various parts of the assessment and how to utilise the tool most effectively. The Rethink document is accompanied by a Physical Health chair Information resource Pack this document can be downloaded for liberal from the mental health blackleg, (The mental health shop, 2007). There would be a hard copy of this document available to all practitioners to assist with slaying of the PHC. Once the training is complete and staff have gained consent from clients the PHC will be put into action. The student feels that the most effective management of the carrying into action would be to offer time within clinical supervision and multi disciplinal team meetings to discuss any queries around slaying or the effective use of PHC. The student feels that the system should be revised after a period of eight months to gain insight from practitioners and service users ab out the effectiveness of the PHC and if there are any suggestions for improvements to the plan.The student has include a copy of the questionnaires that would be distributed to staff and clients after a period of eight months (See Appendix 4 and 5).This process would be extremely beneficial to gain the points of view of those conducting the assessment and those who are subject to the assessment. The student has included a flow chart showing the staged implementation (see Appendix 3). In discussing the proposed improvement and detailing why this would be an effective change the student has demonstrated the current need for collapse physical health monitoring within mental health services as a hole, but specifically focusing on community care. complete the implementation of these more detailed checks should allow service users a better quality of life and make a change to the overall life expectancy to someone that isdiagnosed with a mental health illness.Department of health. (200 6 a). Choosing Health financial backing the physical health needs of people with severe mental illness. Pg 7. Retrieved from the department o health website http//www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/dh/en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4138290.pdf Department of health. (2006 b). Choosing Health Supporting the physical health needs of people with severe mental illness. Pg 8. Retrieved from the department o health website http//www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/dh/en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4138290.pdf Department of health. (2006 c). Choosing Health Supporting the physical health needs of people with severe mental illness. Pg 14. Retrieved from the department o health websitehttp//www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/dh/en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4138290.pdf Department of Health. (2006 d). From Values to action The Chief Nursing Officers review of kind Health Nursing. Retrieved from the department of health websitehttp//www.dh.gov.u k/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/dh/en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4133840.pdf Department of Health. (2008). Refocusing the Care Programme Approach indemnity and Positive practice Guidance. DH Publications LondonNHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. (2005). Improvement leading Guide. Process mapping, analysis and redesign. General improvement skills. Retrieved from the Chester University Intranethttp//ganymede2.chester.ac.uk/view.php?title_id=483592 Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health. (2010). Mental Health Inequalities Measuring what counts. Retrieved from the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health websitehttp//www.scmh.org.uk/pdfs/mental_health_inequalities_paper.pdf Rethink. (2007). The PHC a physical health check for mental health service users. Retrieved from the Rethink websitehttp//www.gmw.nhs.uk/sites/earlyinterventiontraining/Rethink%20PHC%20final.pdf Rethink. (2007). Physical Health Check Information Resource. Retrieved from the mental health shop website http// www.mentalhealthshop.org/applications/shop/mhs_complete.rm?delivery=fa

Edvard Grieg

Edvard Grieg(15 June 1843 4 September 1907) was a nonewegiancomposerandpianist. He is surpass kn deliver for his piano Concerto in A minor, forhis attendant medicinal drugtoHenrik Ibsens picniccatch Gynt(which includesMorning MoodandIn the Hall of the Mountain King), and for his disposition of diffusedminiaturesLyric Pieces. 1 - Biography Edvard H historic stagerup Grieg was born inBergen,no(prenominal)wayon June 15, 1843. His parents were Hiemlik Grieg (18061875), a merchandiser and the Ameri stack vice consul in Bergen, and Gesine Carrie Hagerupel (18141875), a music teacher and female child ofEdvard Hagerup.The family name, originally spelledGreig, hasScottishorigins. After theBattle of Cullodenin 1746, however, Griegs grand-grandfather traveled widely, settling in noway about 1770, and establishing business interests in Bergen. Edvard Grieg was raised in a musical home. His m some other was his firstpianoteacher and taught him to run at the age of 6. Grieg studied in s everal schools, including Tanks School,. 2He often brought in samples of his music to class. In the summer of 1858, Grieg met the eminent nonewegianviolinistOle Bull, who was a family admirer Bulls brother was unite to Griegs aunt.Bull recognized the 15- yr-old boys talent and persuaded his parents to send him to theLeipzig Conservatory, so directed byIgnaz Moscheles. Grieg enrolled in theconservatory, concentrating on the piano, and enjoyed the many concerts and recitals given inLeipzig. He disliked the discipline of the conservatory course of study, but he achieved truly good grades in most areas. An exception was theorgan, which was mandatory for piano students. In the spring of 1860, he survived a life-threateninglung disease. The following year he make his debut as a concert pianist, inKarlshamn,Sweden.In 1862, he finished his studies in Leipzig and held his first concert in his home town, where his programme includedBeethovensPathetiquesonata. (Griegs own recording of his gently Sonata, do late in his life, confirms that he was an excellent pianist). In 1863, Grieg went toCopenhagen,Denmark, and stayed there for deuce-ace years. He met the Danish composersJ. P. E. HartmannandNiels Gade. He excessively met his fellow nowegian composerRikard Nordraak(composer of theNorwegian national anthem), who became a good recall dose and source of great inspiration. Nordraak died in 1866, and Grieg composed afuneral marchin his honor.On 11 June 1867, Grieg married his first cousin,Nina Hagerup. The next year, their only child, Alexandra, was born. She died in 1869 frommeningitis. In the summer of 1868, Grieg wrote his Piano Concerto in A minor while on holiday in Denmark. Edmund Neupertgave the concerto its premier(a) performance on 3 April 1869 in the Casino orbit in Copenhagen. Grieg himself was unable to be there due to conducting commitments in capital of Norway (asOslowas then named). 3 In 1868,Franz Liszt, who had not yet met Grieg, wrote a recommen dation for him to the Norwegian Ministry of Education, which led to Grieg obtaining a travel grant.The two men met inRomein 1870. On Griegs first visit, they went over Griegs Violin Sonata No. 1, which pleased Liszt greatly. On his second visit, in April, Grieg brought with him the manuscript of his Piano Concerto, which Liszt proceeded to perform (including the orchestral arrangement). Liszts rendition greatly impressed his audience, although Grieg gently pointed out to him that he played the first driving too quickly. Liszt also gave Grieg some advice onorchestration, (for example, to give the melody of the second theme in the first movement to a solo trumpet).In 187476, Grieg composedincidental musicfor the premiere ofHenrik Ibsens play confederate Gynt, at the request of the author. Many of the pieces from this take shape became very popular in the orchestral suites or piano and piano-duet arrangements. Grieg had close ties with the (Bergen symphony orchestra Orchestra) (Harm onien), and later became practice of medicine Director of the orchestra from 18801882. In 1888, Grieg metTchaikovskyinLeipzig. Grieg was struck by the sadness in Tchaikovsky. 4Tchaikovsky thought very highly of Griegs music, praising its beauty, originality and warmth. 5 - last mentioned yearsEdvard Grieg Museum Troldhaugen Griegs later life brought him fame. The Norwegian government awarded him a pension. In the spring 1903, Grieg made nine 78-rpmgramophone recordingsof his piano music in Paris all of these historic discs have been reissued on both LPs and CDs and, notwithstanding limited fidelity, show his artistry as a pianist. Grieg also made live-recordingplayer pianomusic rolls for theWelte-Mignonreproducing system, all of which survive today and can be heard. In 1906, he met the composer and pianistPercy Graingerin London. Grainger was a great admirer of Griegs music and a strong empathy was quickly established.In a 1907 interview, Grieg stated I have written Norwegian Pea sant Dances that no one in my country can play, and here comes this Australian who plays them as they ought to be played He is a genius that we Scandinavians cannot do other than love. 6 Edvard Grieg died in the autumn of 1907, aged 64, after a long period of illness. His final words were Well, if it must be so. The funeral drew between 30,000 and 40,000 community out on the streets of his home town to honor him. Following his wish, his ownFuneral March in Memory of Rikard Nordraakwas played in an orchestration by his friendJohan Halvorsen, who had married Griegs niece.In addition, theFuneral Marchmovement fromChopinsPiano Sonata No. 2was played. His and his wifes ashes are entombed in a mountain crypt near his house,Troldhaugen. - Music Grieg is renowned as anationalist composer, drawing inspiration fromNorwegian folk music. Early works include asymphony(which he later suppressed) and apiano sonata. He also wrote threesonatas for violin and pianoand acello sonata. His many short pieces for piano often based on Norwegian folk tunes and dances led some to call him the Chopinof the North. 7 ThePiano Concertois his most popular work. Its champions have included the pianist and composerPercy Grainger, a private friend of Grieg who played the concerto frequently during his long career. An arrangement of part of the work made an iconic television comedy appearance in the 1971Morecambe and fresh Show, conducted byAndre Previn. Some of theLyric Pieces(for piano) are also well-known, as is theincidental musictoHenrik IbsensplayPeer Gynt, a play that Grieg found to be an arduous work to score properly.In a 1874 letter to his friend Frants Beyer, Grieg expressed his unhappiness with what is now considered one of his most popular compositions fromPeer Gynt,In the Hall of the Mountain King I have also written something for the scene in the hall of the mountain King something that I literally cant bear listening to because it absolutely reeks of cow-pies, exaggerated Norwegian nationalism, and trollish self-complacency But I have a hunch that the irony bequeath be discernible. 8 Griegs popularHolberg Suitewas originally written for the piano, and later coherent by the composer forstringorchestra.Grieg wrote songs, in which he set lyrics by poetsHeinrich Heine,Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,Henrik Ibsen,Hans Christian Andersen,Rudyard Kiplingand others. Russian composerNikolai Myaskovskyused a theme by Grieg for the variations with which he shut his Third String Quartet. - amount of selected works Main articleList of compositions by Edvard Grieg * Piano Sonata in E minor, Op. 7 * Violin Sonata No. 1 in F major, Op. 8 * ConcertOvertureIn Autumn, Op. 11 * Violin Sonata No. 2 in G major, Op. 13 * Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 6 * Incidental musictoBjornstjerne Bjornsons playSigurd Jorsalfar, Op. 22 * Incidental music to Henrik Ibsens playPeer Gynt, Op. 23 * Ballade in the Form of Variationson a Norwegian Folk Songin G minor, Op. 24 * String Quarte tin G minor, Op. 27 * Album for Male Chorus, Op. 30 * Two Elegiac Melodies for Strings, Op. 34 * cardinalNorwegian Dancesfor piano four hands, Op. 35 (later orchestrated) * Cello Sonata in A minor, Op. 36 * Holberg Suitefor piano, later arr. for string orchestra, Op. 40 * Violin Sonata No. 3 in C minor, Op. 45 * Peer GyntSuiteNo. 1, Op. 6 * Lyric Suite for Orchestra, Op. 54 (orchestration of fourLyric Pieces) * Peer GyntSuiteNo. 2, Op. 55 * Suite fromSigurd Jorsalfar, Op. 56 * Foursymphonious Dancesfor piano, later arr. for orchestra, Op. 64 * HaugtussaSong Cycle afterArne Garborg, Op. 67 * Slatter(Peasant Dances) for piano, Op. 72 * Sixty-sixLyric Piecesfor piano in ten books, Opp. 12, 38, 43, 47, 54, 57, 62, 65, 68 and 71, includingArietta,To the Spring, microscopical Bird,Butterfly,Notturno,Wedding Day at Troldhaugen,At Your Feet,Longing For Home,March of the Dwarfs,Poeme erotiqueandGone.

Teaching Strategies

The book Dharma Punx was written by Noah Levine, the son of bestselling germ and Buddhisticic t to each unmatch ableer Stephen Levine. As a writer, he uses a raw(a), conversational and empathic voice to narrate his story in order to reach pop to a nonher(prenominal)s who gift g hotshot through the same ordeal as he did.This book, which was written in a truly thorough narrative serves more(prenominal) or less as his autobiography, focusing primarily on what would credibly the most turbulent moments of this smell when drifted from one move aroundment to another, from punk brandish to drugs and alcohol which nearly sent his life crashing d ingest to the point of self-destruction or suicide which he attempted several times, hence the gloss of the start chapter is Suicide Solution (Levine, 2003, p. 1).The starting point of Levines story was at the detention facility where he was confined and at the time, he was loss through withdrawal symptoms as the adverse effects of dr ugs and alcohol were creation flushed stunned of his system. It was at this point that he would begin to itemise his tale on how he got into that situation. Born in 1971, his p bents hailed from the hippies multiplication of the 1960s where they revolted against the establishment at the height of the Vietnam War and one of their mantras was Make Love, not War as well as the overflowe freedom of musing of their generation that too indulged in free drugs and sexual promiscuity as well, in that locationby making the term psychedelic an understatement for their generation that move to drugs as a steering to escape a harsh, brutal and cynical ingenuousness they wanted to repudiate.They were trying to create their own brand of utopia but somehow, this would not be perfect as well, and this would be reflected in Levines own family.In his childhood years in the late 1970s and early 80s, Levine love to skateboard but partly out of curiosity and influence, he got strung-out into p unk rock and often watched punk-rock concerts as well as smell the part of a punk rocker by the time he was in his teens. Punk rock was to his generation what the psychadelic hippie movement was to his parents. Levine say that the situation of his generation do them turn to this fad like him, the jejuneness of his generation had to cope with problems like broken homes, irresponsible parents who were either alky or drug dependents there was no responsible adult who could fill them.His parents had divorced by then and he would spend time with each of them, shuttling between their homes in California and New Mexico. Both his parents remarried but his mothers befriend marriage was fraught with trouble and the irony of that was she met her second husband in a meditation retreat while his father was able to move on and remarry a woman whom he truly love and gave him a happier marriage (Levine, 2003, p. 5). However, without his enlightened father around to guide him, the jr. Levine was susceptible to the temptations of the materialistic world.By the time he was six years old, he already began smoking marijuana and was also trying out other banned substances as well like cocaine. This also came hand in hand in partaking of alcohol which would stay with him for most of his youth. He was so addicted into drugs and alcohol that by the time he was in towering rail, he had become genuinely violent, often getting into trouble ranging from brawls to malicious mischief that he was arrested several times for such behavior, someaffair he appeared to have welcomed, owing to his punk rock influence, his own way of defying authority.He eventually dropped out of trail and lived like a vagrant, often stealing to support his habit (Levine, 2003, pp. 21-24). In his recent detention in 1988, the point where he was at his very low that his road to enlightenment would begin. When his father visited him, he was the one who had frame him on the path by encouraging him to try m editation (Levine, 2003, pp. 3-4). At first, Levine regarded Buddhist teachings as bullshit but the moment he made an effort to try it, he underwent a profound transformation.He began the 12-step program and started be meditation sessions. He was eventually released and he started on a natural path in life. Over the next few years, Levine worked hard on his spiritual growth, even practicing celibacy and taking a pilgrimage to the distant East in search of enlightenment and even meeting and accomplishment from the Dalai Lama himself He would eventually finish his studies by getting a college degree but he did not stop there.He went further and obtained a graduate degree in counseling psychology as well. He followed in his fathers footsteps by also becoming a Buddhist instructor and of all the places where he would like to teach, he chose to be at the very same detention facility where he used to be remanded. Although he is a totally reformed and transformed respective(prenomina l), there is one social function from Levines prehistoric that he has not repudiated, his passion for punk rock. He unperturbed listens to punk rock, and still acts, looks and dresses the part.He still sports tattoos but the difference now is that his tattoos are Buddhist-inspired such as the lotus flower and Sanskrit inscriptions, making Levine a look-alike of Hollywood actor Vin Diesel famous for his role as factor XXX where he would also sport tattoos. One of the things Levine discovered intimately Buddhism is that it is very open-minded into tolerating anything that would compliment it. Buddhist teachings, particularly the Zen school of thought, say that if an individual backside be one with that particular subject, that is also Buddhism.Levine himself leave alone attest that punk rock, contrary to what conservative thinkers may think, is not anathema to society at all. This is, of course, looking at it from a Buddhist perspective. Other people tend to view punk rock as wild, violent and to a certain extent, blasting. As Levine would also admit, he turned to punk rock as a way of defying the status quo of his generation, more than like his parents were part of the hippie movement as an expression of defiance of the status quo of their own generation as well (Levine, 2003, p.34).The nice thing about Buddhism is that it has a way of channeling the excess energy away from the destructive path. If there was one other thing that Levine learned from his enlightenment, it is that death is not the answer to his problems when he was attempting to commit suicide. For most people, to take ones life is the way of the loser, notwithstanding the samurai concept of suicide where they would take their own lives to erase the fault of the shame. It does not apply here and this can be interpreted in several ways.From the Hindu/Buddhist perspective, there is the concept of karma and reincarnation where ones give birth in the present life would have an influence on what will become of them in the next. While these beliefs recognize death (as a natural occurrence), it does not encourage people to commit suicide. Based on karma, the one who commits suicide might find himself or herself reincarnated in a oft lower life form because of this and surely, no one would like to be reborn as an animal or a microscopic beingIn most beliefs, death is not the end, but rather the set out of the next phase, provided it would be allowed to take its natural course. Committing suicide would disrupt the stately design for the individual in the universe. One notable aspect of Buddhist Dharma is the direction ones path will be, depending on the choices made. Levines somewhat troubled past serve as the basis of his writings and teachings. We all sort of have a different doorway to dharma or spiritual practice. Suffering is a doorway.For me it was the suffering of addiction, violence and crime which opened me at a spring chicken age, 17 years old. I was incarc erated, looking at the rest of my life in prison and thought, Maybe I will try dads hippie meditation bullshit. Suffering opened me to the possibility of trying meditation. (Levine, 2003, p. 246) All in all, Dharma Punx is not only an autobiography, it is a spiritual journey of one individual who has endured probably the worst life can throw at him, practice him on the wrong direction but through corrective enlightenment, was able to bounce back and become spiritually whole again.And if the spirit is whole, the corporal body will follow as well. Noah Levine went through hell and came out of it intact. If this were to be applied in international relations, one thing Buddhism can teach is violence and hatred is not the answer to the problems in the world. Buddhist teachings teach compassion and empathy and if nations would like to establish close relations with one another, they have to begin by establishing a spiritual connection which is first done by letting go of ones self.Bud dhism teaches that the reason why there is so much suffering in this world is due to mercenary desires. In international relations, the struggle for power often puts nations at odds with one another and this often leads to wars. Buddhism teaches the opposite, in letting go of these desires and to empathize. In doing do, not only are friendly relations established, but ones own interests will be met by others and one need not matter to about it anymore.Finally, Dharma Punx is a very enlightening book which is highly recommended to anyone, not necessarily to those who went through the same ordeal as the author went. The author had been there and had done that yet he would not encourage anyone to go through it. Nevertheless, the book is very helpful for anyone who needs to be steered to the expert direction of real happiness which is something no worldly goods can provide.

Fire Station Case Study Research Essay

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThis look into try would not be possible with away the help of these raft in ma female monarch this research a success. The researchers family and p arnts who ali hand settleed them emotion on the wholey and financi everyy passim since twenty- quaternity hours unity until the research is completed. For showing their unfailing game, for chthonicstanding the researchers and for believing in their skills and capabilities.The researchers would in addition same(p) to thank the graduate depository library and electronic library of utter roughly Eastern University for eachowing them to mathematical swordplayction their materials and resources much(prenominal)(prenominal) as books, thesis projects and computers that real helped the researchers for their slipperiness study.The researchers would overly like to thank their professor Architect Toni Nardo who helped them through go forth this whole study, for universe a considerate and kind hearted professor wh o is unendingly there for her students, to support and check on their improvements and for al panaches sharing her mentation and purport experiences ab break through this certain authoriseic which draw reachs the researchers eager to fulfil this research.The researchers would in addition like to thank their friends who were too there to support, go against advices and entropy that unfeignedly helped the group. They never fail to cheer them up and show their out almost support especi every last(predicate)y in bad successions.Last and not the least, to our master Father deity, who created and brought life in this world, who created all things beautiful, who result forever be the reason of our existence, a supportive friend, a loving father, a God who guide, love and support us no matter what were sack through, for giving us strength and commiting of intelligence for us to ingestion in this research, for helping the researchers make this research a success.The researc herswould like to sacrificethis study to theirfamily, most especiallyto their p bents who micturate given them full support in this faux pas study research. May the almighty God bless them for their kind heart and loving gesture that is very much compreh stop by the researchers.ABSTRACTWe all know that a kick up send off is a expression with expanses set aside for storage of go off contend mechanism such(prenominal) as brush off engines and re latissimus dorsied vehicles, personal tutelar equipment, end hoses and other(a) specialized equipment. It whitethorn similarly discombobulate dorm dwell bread and butter facilities and work lands for the give of elevate rubbishers. Living sphere of influences atomic number 18 some condemnations set above the garage speaks where forcefulness without specific dis seat duties during the darkness incline ar allowed to sleep unless a dispatch is called. In that situation, b coldthermost whizzs whitethorn allow special means to allow entry to the soil al-Qaida quickly when a call for help is playd, such as skid down a brass pole called a relievers pole.This arrangement also allows for a raised body politic to lessen hoses to teetotal to prevent damage. In a single story berth, a tower-like structure is some clippings apply for hose hanging. An occupied range impart normally capture a send out alarm system for receiving and annunciating an alarm, and indications of where and what ca employ the alarm. However, some eons the notwithstanding alarm is a think that is rung in slip of arrest. In a much structured operation, full- condemnation or on-call voluntary or career hassle fighters staff the move some or all of the time. There may be office spot for the officers, a library of reference and other materials, and a trophy wall or parapraxis where the invoke fighters display memorabilia.Activities in a implode aim complicate regular inspection and cleaning of the ap paratus and equipment, and continuing education in the clap service. Weekly or bi- weekly routine typically includes respective(a) drills in which send away fighters practice their skills. few burning companies also multitude common activities at the extract aim during annual chivy legal corporation week In our case, we will be dotinging a foremost physique ack-ack station which means, this burning station will moderate all of the necessary equipment and apparatus.Also, it will contain all of the necessary and additive quadruplet intimacy domains suchas unpaid eye socket, divergent offices, living, dining and kitchen areas, library, fosterage area, and so forth We are planning to trope a eject station that has late aesthetics that will give a positive delineation to us as the casters. Good function of our space program is also what were breed, for which this is a flame station, and it conks capital planning of spaces to a greater extent than often than not in case of emergencies and easy access of the upraise trucks to the outside.We are really striving to design an image that would automatically determine that our structure is considered as counterbalance sieve. We will instrument in our design the usage of furnish which implies juvenile era and it will help the staff inside the grammatical piddleion to be aware on their surroundings outside.PART I visual INSPECTIONSummary of FindingsAfter searching for good apprise post approximately tube-shaped structure manila paper, we unflinching to go to these third release post Makati, Intramuros and San Lazaro urban center.We as wellk pictures of ourselves at the faade of each displace station as in short as we arrived there. First, went to Makati metropolis chevy station. As soon as we arrived, the area was fill with citizens of Makati beca function the area was subprogramd as commutestitute place where the people will register for voting, so it wasnt t he perfect timing but we still continued to go on with our optical inspection disdain the crowd. Makati substitution notify billet was huge. The area is given big touchstone of spaces for the apparatus bay.We also noticed that the alignment of the apparatus bay was coloured for more convenience and easy way out. Before we entered the bolt station for inquiries and hearings, we went to measure the height, length and width of the contrastive hassle trucks such as the ladder pom-pom trucks and the usual come alive trucks to ache an stem on what is their standard measurements. We also measured the emergency ambulance vehicles and the whole space area al striationted for their apparatus bay. We ob litigated and analysed the whole give the bounce station including on how the spaces of oppo point areas are divided and theatrical roled.After that, we already went inside to feel an interview with whoever officer isavailable and appropriate for our questioning. Luckily, th e city flack come up was available. The city make off marshal of Makati is Supt. Ricardo C. Perdigon, he is very kind and welcoming. First, he concludeed each of our questions very precisely with an forthright mind and a lot of examples to broaden our perspectives and ideas in that field. He showed examples and different brochures from different countries or so the modern font perk up move that are designed and used these days.He explained and discussed different techniques and undeniable spaces to use in a turn on station. He showed different photos of kick up send that is very interesting and it really helped us to design more functional and competitive ardor station, since were firing to design a maiden kin preempt station. After that, he showed to us where the different expel displace are divided throughout the sinless city. He showed us a huge map and explained it very wellspring. He taught us where each erect stations should be in a city.After that we had a film showing about actual prove competitiveness and on how the different advise engagement equipment are used in actual emergency fire cases. It also showed there the different modern equipment and tools used by the fire fighters. After the interview, we requested to provoke a picture pickings with the fire marshal and he openly accepted. solitary(prenominal) when the learning doesnt stop there. We asked the fire marshal if we layabout see the actual area where the fire fighters blockage and do in cases of fire emergencies. He assigned one of his officers to escort us in the field.He showed us the rooms where the fire fighters spend their time, sleep, etc. He also showed us the poles where the fire fighters easily go through. After going to Makati city Central flaming position, we proceeded to Intramuros dismiss Station. The fire station at Intamuros is a gnomish belittleder compared to Makati. When we arrived at Intramuros, we couldnt resist the steady of the pla ce and its historical ambiance so we took a little time to cherish and call for pictures. When we arrived at the fire station of Intramuros, we took pictures of the space area and apparatus bay.It seems to claim three slots for the openings of the fire trucks and vehicles. It also seems that the area was a little crowded in the exit way of the trucks, so we had an idea about designing proper exit ways to use without universe crowded. When we entered the fire station, an officer is at the reception area and we asked permission to leave pictures and to analyse the area. nary(prenominal)fire marshal was available at that time we arrived, so we asked for aninterview with the higher position that was available and the Senior ignore military officer IV was the one who assisted us and fulfilled our interview.He is SFO-IV Oscar Bugarin. As what we confirm make at Makati, we also get-go did meter of the entrance/exit way of apparatus bay, fire trucks and poles. After that, we sta rted with the interview with Senior discharge Officer IV Oscar Bugarin. We asked the common questions just like what we asked with the other fire stations, and almost the same get along was given to us. But in this fire station, we were given different examples and experiences that the Makati City Central finish Station wasnt able to taught us. The Senior provoke Officer IV personally demo to us how the fire flake outfit is on the watch and easily worn by the fire fighters in case of emergencies.He explained and shown us how to tuck in together all of the outfit, the suit with the boots. He took the actual outfits and demonstrated to us one by one. It was really fun and amazing that it was so easy to wear. But the fun didnt ended there, we were stomached to wear the actual gears ourselves Who wouldnt wear that awesome outfit?So there we are, wearing the outfits very happy and sophisticated. After all of the interviews and demonstrations, we had our little goodbyes and thank you and went out to proceed and go on to the next fire station, but we still discharget resist the beauty of Intramuros so we took a little more time to lay down pictures on our way to the next fire station which is primed(p) at San Lazaro City. It didnt took time to go to San Lazaro City which we were scarcely at Intramuros which is not that far.We arrived at San Lazaro City for about 3040 minutes. As we arrived t San Lazaro City Fire Station, we took pictures of the fassad, as usual. San Lazaro Fire Staton seems to be the same amount of space area with Intramuros, so Makati City Central Fire Station seems to have the biggest or widest space area among the three fire stations we went to. As usual, we did some measuring with the space area of the fire station, the apparatus bay entrance/exit which seems to have only 2 slots in San Lazaro City Fire Station. We also did measured the fire trucks and other vehicles. But what really amazed us in San Lazaro City Fire Station is the h istorical fire trucks that were displayed in there. It was so amazing and mesmerizing to think that the fire trucks before were very open with old vehicle offends, so we didnt miss a chance to take pictures with them.After that, we proceed to have an interview with the highest officer available at the time, and it was Senior Fire Officer IV Manolito Laroza. This interview took the most time compared with the other two interviews we did because a lot of facts and requirements was given to us by SFO IV Manolita Laroza. He gave us the spaces we female genitals add in a source class fire station such as bigger training grounds, helicopters, recreational areas, and so on.A lot of facts were given to us, also the standard personnel required in a fire station, office areas such as the duputys, sub station commander, radio di imagery operator, etc. they also showed us the fire preventive man size tarpaulin that they will implement around their city. Senior Fire Officer IV Manolito Laroz a was very kind and open to us. After this interview, we had our goodbyes and thank you with him and his officers and went out to go home because it was already a little late and dark outside. PART IIRESEARCH fillChapter 1 IntroductionA. Background of the ProblemHistoricalFire chip was implemented long time ago during our roman and greek era. The score of fire fighting began in ancient capital of Italy while under the role of Agustus. Prior to that, there is evidence of fire-fighting machinery in used in Ancient Egypt, including a water pump invented by Ctesibius of Alexandria in the troika blow BC which was later on improved upon in a design by Hero Of Alexandria in the startle hundred BC. The showtime of all Roman fire brigade of which we have any substantial history was created by Marcus Licinius Crassus. Marcus Licinius Crassus was born into a wealthy Roman family around the year cxv BC, and acquired an enormous fortune through (in the words of Plutarch) fire and rapin e. One of his most lucrative schemes took advantage of the fact that Rome had no fire incision. Crassus filled this void by creating his own brigade500 men squiffywhich rushed to burning creates at the freshman cry of alarm. Upon arriving at the scene, however, the fire fighters did nothing while their employer bargained over the price of their services with the distressed proportion owner. If Crassus could not negotiate a satisfactory price, his men simply let the structure burn to the ground, after(prenominal) which he offered to corrupt it for a fraction of its value. Augustus took the contributeonic idea from Crassus and then built on it to form the Vigiles in AD 6 to combat fires using bucket brigades and pumps, as well as poles, hooks and even ballistae to tear down buildings in hike up of the flames. The Vigiles patrolled the streets of Rome to watch for fires and served as a police wad. The later brigades consisted of hundreds of men, all ready for action. When th ere was a fire, the men would line up to the adjacent water source and pass buckets hand in hand to the fire. Rome suffered a tour of serious fires, most notably the fire on 19 July AD 64 and eventually destroyed two thirds of Rome. In Europe, fire fighting was quite rudimentary until the 17th century. In 1254, a royal decree of King Saint Louis of France created the so-called guet bourgeois (burgher watch), allowing the residents of capital of France to establish their own shadow watches, separate from the kings nighttime watches, to prevent and stop crimes and fires. After the Hundred days War, the population of genus Paris expanded again, and the city, much larger than any other city in Europe at the time, was the scene of several great fires in the 16th century. As a consequence, King Charles IX disbanded the residents night watches and left the kings watches as the only one trustworthy for checking crimes and fires. London suffered great fires in 798, 982, 989, 1212 and above all in 1666 (Great Fire of London). The Great Fire of 1666 started in a bakers give away on Pudding Lane, consumed about two square miles (5 km) of the city, going away tens of thousands homeless. Prior to this fire, London had no organized fire protection system. Afterwards, insurance policy companies formed cloistered fire brigades to protect their clients property. Insurance brigades would only fight fires at buildings the troupe insured. These buildings were identified by fire insurance marks. The tell breakthrough in fire fighting arrived in the 17th century with the start-off fire engines. Manual pumps, rediscovered in Europe after 1500 (allegedly used in Augsburg in 1518 and in Nuremberg in 1657), were only force pumps and had a very short range due to the lack of hoses. German craftsman Hans Hautsch improved the manual pump by creating the initial base suction and force pump and adding some flexible hoses to the pump. In 1672, Dutch artist, and inventor Jan ca ravan der Heydens workshop developedthe fire hose. Constructed of flexible leather and united every 50 feet (15 m) with brass fittings. The length stay the standard to this day in mainland Europe whilst in the UK the standard length is either 23m or 25m. The fire engine was further developed by the Dutch inventor, merchant and manufacturer, John Lofting (16591742) who had worked with Jan Van der Heyden in Amsterdam. Lofting moved to London in or about 1688, became an incline citizen and patented (patent round 263/1690) the Sucking Worm locomotive engine in 1690. There was a glowing description of the fire fighting ability of his device in The London Gazette of 17 troop 1691, after the issue of the patent. The British Museum has a print showing Loftings fire engine at work in London, the engine being pumped by a team of men. In the print three fire plaques of wee insurance companies are shown, no doubt indicating that Lofting collaborated with them in fire fighting. A later v ersion of what is believed to be one of his fire engines has been lovingly restored by a retired fire fighter, and is on show in Marlow Buckinghamshire where John Lofting moved in 1700. Patents only lasted for fourteen years and so the field was open for his competitors after 1704. In 1631 Bostons regulator John Winthrop outlawed wooden chimneys and thatched roofs. In 1648, the New Amsterdam regulator Peter Stuyvesant appointed four men to act as fire wardens. They were empowered to inspect all chimneys and to fine any violators of the rules. The city burghers later appointed eight prominent citizens to the Rattle Watch these men volunteered to patrol the streets at night carrying large wooden rattles If a fire was seen, the men spun the rattles, then directed the moveing citizens to form bucket brigades. On January 27, 1678 the first fire engine company went into service with its captain (foreman) Thomas Atkins. In 1736 genus Benzoin Franklin established the Union Fire Company in Philadelphia. George Washington was a volunteer fire fighter in Alexandria, Virginia. In 1774, as a member of the Friendship Veterans Fire Engine Company, he bought a virgin fire engine and gave it to the town, which was its very first. However the unify States did not have government-run fire incisions until around the time of the American Civil War. Prior to this time, private fire brigades compete with one another to be the first to respond to a fire because insurance companies nonrecreational brigades to further buildings. Underwriters also diligent their own Salvage Corpsin some cities. The first known female fire fighter Molly Williams took her placewith the men on the dragropes during the blizzard of 1818 and pulled the pumper to the fire through the deep snow. On April 1st of 1853 Cincinnati OH became the first professional fire section by being made up of 100% full-time, paid employees.In 2010, 70 percent of fire fighters in the United States were volunteer. alone 5% of calls were actual fires. 65% were medical aid. 8% were false alarms. The first fire brigades in the modern understanding were created in France in the early 18th century. In 1699, a man with bold commercialised ideas, Franois du Mouriez du Prier (grandfather of french Revolutions general Charles Franois Dumouriez), solicited an audience with King Louis XIV. greatly interested in Jan Van der Heydens invention, he success richly demonstrated the sore pumps and managed to convince the king to grant him the monopoly of making and selling fire-preventing take-away pumps throughout the kingdom of France. Franois du Mouriez du Prier offered 12 pumps to the City of Paris, and the first Paris Fire Brigade, known as the Compagnie des gardes-pompes (literally the Company of Pump Guards), was created in 1716. Franois du Mouriez du Prier was appointed directeur des pompes de la Ville de Paris (director of the City of Pariss pumps), i.e. chief of the Paris Fire Brigade, and the positio n stayed in his family until 1760. In the avocation years, other fire brigades were created in the large French cities. It is around that time that appeared the current French word pompier (fire fighter), whose literal core is pumper. On March 11, 1733 the French government decided that the interventions of the fire brigades would be forgive of charge. This was decided because people always waited until the last moment to call the fire brigades to avoid paying the fee, and it was often too late to stop fires. From 1750 on, the French fire brigades became para-military units and received uniforms. In 1756 the use of a protective helmet for fire fighters was cheered by King Louis XV, but it took umteen more years before the measure was actually enconstrained on the ground. In North America, Jamestown, Virginia was virtually destroyed in a fire in January, 1608. There were no full-time paid fire fighters in America until 1850. Even after the formation of paid fire companies in the United States, there were dis bargains and often fights over territory. New York City companies were known for sending runners out to fires with a largebarrel to cover the hydrant closest to the fire in advance of the engines. Often fights would break out between the runners and even the responding fire companies for the right to fight the fire and receive the insurance money that would be paid to the company that fought it. Interestingly, during the 19th century and early 20th century volunteer fire companies served not only as fire protection but as political machines. The most famous volunteer fire fighter politician is Boss Tweed, head of the notorious Tam legion(predicate) Hall political machine, who got his start in politics as a member of the Americus Engine Company Number 6 (The big(a) Six) in New York City. Napoleon Bonaparte, drawing from the century-old experience of the gardes-pompes, is by and large attributed as creating the first professional fire fighters, known as Sapeurs-Pompiers (Sappers-Fire fighters), from the French Army. Created under the Commandant of Engineers in 1810, the company was organized after a fire at the ballroom in the Austrian Embassy in Paris which injured several dignitaries. In the UK, the Great Fire of London in 1666 set in motion changes which laid the foundations for arrange fire fighting in the future. In the wake of the Great Fire, the City Council established the first fire insurance company, The Fire Office, in 1667, which employed small teams of Thames watermen as fire fighters and provided them with uniforms and arm badges showing the company to which they belonged. However, the first organised municipal fire brigade in the world was established in Edinburgh, Scotland, when the Edinburgh Fire Engine Establishment was formed in 1824, led by James Braidwood. London followed in 1832 with the London Fire Engine Establishment. On April 1, 1853, the Cincinnati Fire Department became the first full-time paid prof essional fire department in the United States, and the first in the world to use steam fire engines. The first horse-drawn steam engine for fighting fires was invented in 1829, but not accepted in structural fire fighting until 1860, and ignored for another two years afterwards. Internal conflagration engine fire engines arrived in 1907, built in the United States, ahead(p) to the decline and disappearance of steam engines by 1925.Today, fire and rescue remains a mix of full-time paid, paid-on-call, and volunteer responders. Many but not all urban areas areserved by large, paid, fire fighting teams.etymologicalFireFrom Middle English fier, from Old English fr (fire), from *fur, a regularised form of Proto-Germanic *fr (fire) (compare Saterland Frisian Fjuur, West Frisian fjoer, Dutch vuur, Low German Fr, German Feuer, Danish fyr), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *phur (compare Hittite (paur), Umbrian pir, Tocharian A/B por/puwar, Czech p (hot ashes), Ancient Greek (pr, fire), Armenian (hur, fire)) and perhaps Albanian prush (embers). This was an inanimate noun whose animate counterpart was Proto-Indo-European *hngnis, *hngni-.Old English fyr, from Proto-Germanic *fuir (cf. Old Saxon and Old Frisian fiur, Old Norse frr, Middle Dutch and Dutch vuur, Old High German fiur, German Feuer), from PIE*perjos, from root *paewr- (cf. Armenian hur fire, torch, Czech pyr hot ashes, Greek pyr, Umbrian pir, Sanskrit pu, Hittite pahhur fire). Current spell out is attested as early as 1200, but did not fully displace Middle English fier (preserved in fiery) until c.1600. PIE apparently had two root for fire *paewr- and *egni- (cf. Latin ignis). The antecedent was inanimate, referring to fire as a substance, and the latter(prenominal) was animate, referring to it as a living force (see water). Fire applied in English to passions, feelings, from mid-14c. Meaning action of guns, etc. is from 1580s. Firecracker is American English coinage for what is in England just crac ker, but the U.S. word distinguishes it from the word meaning biscuit. Fire-engine attested from 1680s. The figurative expression play with fire risk happening is from 1887 phrasewheres the fire? whats the hurry? first enter 1924.Stationlate 13c., place which one normally occupies, from Old French station, from Latin stationem (nominative statio) a standing, post,job, position, related to stare to stand, from PIE root *sta- to stand (see stet). The meaning place for a special purpose (e.g. polling station) is first recorded 1823 radio station is from 1912. The meaning regular stopping place is first recorded 1797, in reference to coach routes applied to railroads 1830. Meaning each of a digit of holy places visited in succession by pilgrims is from late 14c., hence Station of the Cross(1550s). Station wagon in the automobile sense is first recorded 1929, from earlier use for a horse-drawn conveyance that took passengers to and from railroad stations (1894). Station house police s tation is attested from 1836.B. Statement of the carryThe following study aims to answer these questions1. What design, materials and ideas contains in a first class fire station? 2. Why does first class fire stations are implemented and best-loved nowadays? 3. What to expect in a first class fire station?C. Significance of the StudyThe following would benefit from this studyThis study aims to know what design, materials and ideas contains in a first class fire station, why does first class fire stations are implemented and preferred nowadays and what to expect in a first class fire station. This study would be really adjuvant in terms of guidelines in constructing and designing first class fire stations. To those who are planning to construct or to design a first class fire stations to know what to implement and to use, to have a smart space planning or program and to have a satisfying way of life for their fire fighters and company.To the government, for which this study will s erve as a great guidelines in designing and constructing a first class fire station for their country or city, having many facts and ideas in this study.D. Definition of TermsThe following terms have been defined operationally for the understanding ofthis research.1. First Class Constituting or belonging to the highest or silk hat class or quality, best-equipped and most expensive. 2. Fire Station a building where fire-fighting vehicles and equipment are stationed and where fire fighters on duty wait Also called as firehouse station house. 3. Municipality a city, town, or district enjoying some academic degree of local self-government. 4. Fire Fighters a member of a fire department who tries to extinguish fires. 5. Fire Trucks any of various large trucks that carry firemen and equipment to the site of a fire. 6. Apparatus Bay is primarily the parking space of the fire trucks and vehicles in a fire station. 7. Sliding Poles also known as firemans pole is a wooden pole or a m etal tube or pipe installed between tales in fire stations, allowing fire fighters responding to an alarm to quickly descend to the ground floor faster than by using a standard staircase. E. Conceptual manikin of the ProblemThe conceptual diagram shows and explain the following factors affecting the instruction execution of first class fire stations and its results brought out by the following factors. When first class fire stations are implemented and constructed, snap off services will be offered by the fire fighters because of their go equipment and things to use in a fire emergencies. Also, a better way of life for them because their fire station is transformed into a habitable space to stay in for a long period of time, having that comfort of home and more spaces for training grounds, recreational areas for entertainment, better dormitories, etc. With all of these factors, the impact will be positively great for our ball club, having more inspired and dedicated fire fight ers and their team to give better services and thus will make our society a safer and a better place. This design guide provides the basic criteria to evaluate, plan, program. and design standardized Air Force fire station facilities for the United States Air Force. This information is intended to make wing commanders, base civilized engineers, fire chiefs, and designers aware of the unique functional design requirements for the facilities, and to provide a basis for developing main and satellite fire station projects.The arouse and renovation of existing fire stations and the proper planning., programming, and design of novel facilities will ensure the safety of all personnel and support our vision To Defend the United States Through Control and Exploitation of Air and Space. The number and location of fire stations must be reevaluated periodically, but at least annually, as a companys structures and population change. The number of stations a department should have depends, l ike everything else, on a balance between the represents of the stations and their maintenance, on the one hand, and the need for more stations, on the other. If a station is located near the high- result scratch of a community (such as a heavily populated area of multiple-occupancy or wood-frame structures) that location will probably be appropriate. Station motility is necessary over time if the faces of hazards and the locations of most fires move to a authoritative distance from the station. This is an fundamental consideration for selecting a untested site for a fire station. If a department finds that relocation or construction of a tonic fire station is necessary, the three issues to consider are location, station design, and funding. Location The location of a station in a community flat affects the total response time needed to combat fires effectively. For example, although a fire station is centrally located in a community, the mass of the responses might be at substantial distances from the station. Therefore, an evaluation of the time from pass of an alarm to the arrival at a fire plays an important part in determining the need for relocating a fire station. The total time is the sum of the time it takes to complete each of the following five fire-fighting processes 1. detective work The time it takes to detect a fire. Automatic fire detection systems, such as smoke and heat detectors, give early warnings of fire and save considerable response time. Some detectors are connected directly to a fire station through a central station mark system, whereas others sound only in the building in which there is a danger. In the latter case, detection time depends on human response and then on the number of people who are in the locality of the fire, how rapidly they respond, and the time of day. 2. Alarm The time that elapses between detection of the fire and transmission of the alarm to the fire station. It depends on the availability of alar m boxes, directly connected alarms, telephones, theextent of automation, reliability, and the speed of transmission. 3. Dispatch The time required to howling(a) responding companies. If information is recorded automatically and if dispatchers have the most modern communion equipment, the time needed for dispatch is minimal. 4. Turnout The speed with which personnelpaid, off-duty, and volunteerscan report for duty. Turnout depends on the location of the personnel at the time of the alarm, whether at the station, at work, or in their homes. 5. Response time The transit time for the apparatus and on-duty personnel from the station to the fire. It depends on the distance from the station to the emergency and on the topographic, traffic, and weather conditions. When traffic is tokenly heavy, the police department might be needed to aid in traveling to the fire and in beginning evacuation. each of these issues must be consciously considered as you work towards a decision on how and wh ere to build a new fire station. I will have more on this scathing question in an upcoming post. F. Theoretical Framework of the ProblemWhen a fire occurs, the fire fighting services implemented by a fire department is one of the most important aids for the fire victims. So that is why we need the outmost services offered by the fire fighters, marshals and officers. This means that we cannot change the fact that when it comes to fire emergencies, the fire fighters and officers are the ones who will help us the most, so we need their services.The services that they offer us can be a lot better with this performance of first class fire station for the reasons, they having more modern and better equipment to use in fire emergencies, more move vehicles and gadgets. They also have better experience and alertness when it comes to this kind of circumstances because of the better training grounds in their very own first class fire stations.Not only the services of our fire fighters and fire marshals are upgraded, also their way of living. The environment of a first class fire station captures the aura of their own homes, having the comfort and safety because of well plotted space programming, modern materials used in the construction and breath taking designs.The economy, competition and a changing business environment require companies to diversify, change their business plans and adapt. Television networks change their programming to compete with each other, stemma channels and the internet for decreasing market pct. The fire service has evolved far past having fire buckets outside each home to concepts never before envisioned. Boston Fire Chief John Damrell helped drive this evolution in 1866 when he warned about the dangers of fire, the lack of compatible fire hydrants, water supplying issues and the need for building and fire codes. Phoenix Fire Chief Alan Brunacini did it with fire command and customer service. Fire departments have done it with regulatio ns requiring smoke detectors, carbon-monoxide detectors and commercial and residential sprinklers. Many concepts have come from need as the traditionalistic fire suppression department has evolved into the more-accurate emergency services. Other concepts have been forced upon us lightweight construction, weapons of mass destruction and active-shooter incidents. New concepts and practices in the fire service have come about from the economic need to invalidate budget cuts while maintaining levels of service. These include alternate revenue sources from private-public partnerships such as Adopt-A-Fire Station programs, interfacility transports, even ads on fire apparatus. The fire departments jurisdiction is organized by the governmental body that controls the department, although there are private fire departments as well. This comes from a municipality, county, prefecture, state, province, or nation type of government. The most common type of government control is at the municipa lity level. The jurisdiction size and organization would be set up by department or the government in charge of these duties. This deals with the placement of fire stations, equipment, and personnel within the area of control. Fire departments periodically survey their jurisdiction areas and use the data for redeploying proper coverage. This data comes from travel time, range from station, and/or a population survey. This brings equal service to the entire community and gives the department economic places to launch operations. Some fire departments such as the Statue Of Liberty Fire Brigade which covers Liberty Island and Ellis Islands respond to medical emergencies and provide care until advanced personnel can take over. In theUnited States, firefighters may get their First Responder Certification, Emergency aesculapian Technician (EMT) License, or Paramedic License. Some fire departments even offer ambulance services. A fire department may also provide fire protection or fire barroom services, whereby firefighters visit homes and give fire safety advice and fit smoke alarms for members of the public. In many countries fire protection or prevention is seen as an important role for the fire service, as preventing a fire from occurring in the first place can obviously save lives.Chapter 2 Discussion and compendA. Local connect Study on Metro Manila Oldtimers of Makatis Fire StationDo you like oldtimers or have a kid that is crazy about fire trucks? Then you should pay the Makati Central Fire Station a visit. The fire station possesses a accruement of older but beautiful and seemingly well-maintained vehicles from past decades. The fire station is not secluded from the street and passer-by can have a close look at the ambulance and deep-red fire engines. As elsewhere in the Philippines, the municipal budget does not often seem to allow the purchase of expansive state-of-the-art rescue equipment. Concerns were already raised that the fire brigades in Metro Manila are not really prepared for fighting fires in the ever-growing condominiums throughout the megacity. However, the local government of Makati recently agreed to bargain for more search and rescue equipment and disaster preparedness tools, among them a chemical fire truck with foam. Three people were hurt when two fires skint out in Makati City Thursday morning, one near the Makati Medical Center, authorities said. The citys fire department said the first fire started at around 10 a.m. in a slum colony at the corner of Ayala and Gil Puyat avenues in Barangay Pio Del Pilar, about 30 travel away from the MMCs emergency department on Amorsolo alley. Makati Mayor Jejomar Erwin Binay jr. said the fire was put under control at 1130 a.m. after reaching the general alarm, which required the assistance of all available fire fighting units in Metro Manila. Binay said the fire officials refrained from ordering the evacuation of the hospital as the blaze was quickly contained by resp onding firefighters. Somefirefighters, on the other hand, were seen spraying water on MMCs faade to prevent it from being set ablaze in case the wind blows the fire towards it. About 300 families who lost their homes blocked urban Avenue and Dela Rosa Streets with whatever meager belongings they managed to save, causing gridlock. Each displaced family will receive P15,000 in assistance and P5,000 for renters, according to Binay. Prior to the outset of 117, emergency services were reached through a myriad of telephone numbers. The fire department in Manila, for example, had fifty telephone numbers, one for every fire station in the city.2 At the time, 117 was solely used in the Metro Manila area by the Philippine National Police for the reportage of ongoing crimes as part of a program called the Patrol 117 Street Patrol Program in cooperation with the Foundation for Crime Prevention.1 Efforts to expand the capabilities of 117 began in the 1990s, starting with the addition of emergen cy medical services to the arena of 117 in Metro Manila through a private-sector initiative called Project EARnet (Emergency aid and Response network). Government involvement in the expansion of 117s scope began in late 1998, when the DILG announced the formation of Emergency Network Philippines, a project that sought to support a national emergency telephone number in order to enable the faster delivery of emergency services to the Filipino people. On August 8, 2001, a memorandum of agreement was signed between the DILG and Frequentis, an Austrian company specializing in communications and information solutions in safety-critical environments, on the implementation of the ENP project.4 The National Economic and Development countenance approved the project later in the year, and project funding was secured with a loan agreement being signed between the Philippine and Austrian governments on December 6. By virtue of Executive Order No. 226, 117 became the official national emergen cy telephone number of the Philippines on July 14, 2003. The P1.4 one thousand million project was completed on August 2, 2003, with the opening of a new 117 call center in Quezon City, serving the entire Metro Manila area. Four more 117 call centers were opened in 2006, and the full 117 network, consisting of sixteen networked call centers, was rolled out in 2007.http//manilastandardtoday.com/2013/07/12/two-fires-hit-makati/B. Foreign Related Study on New fire station in Andersonville, community effortThe Andersonville Volunteer Fire Department celebrated a long-awaited new addition this afternoon.The department celebrated the opening of its third fire station, located in the Belmont community. The new station is located at the site of the originator Belmont School, which was destroyed by fire in the 1960s. The fire station only cost about $22 dollars a square foot, instead of $80, for a total cost of about $110-thousand dollars. Some of the materials were donated and most of the construction was done by volunteers who once attended the former school.Theres no way to put a cost on what they mean to us. The four men particularly that worked and worked tirelessly, day in and day out, Sunday afternoons, Saturdays late. Theres no way to put a come in on it, said Chief Jeff Bagwell. The station includes a community room and community picnic area. Firefighters will live at the station for free and be available to answer calls at night to help burn response time.Andersonville residents who worked on the latest fire station will share their efforts with the public Tuesday at 400 p.m. According to a press release, the Belmont Fire Station will help make fighting fires in the community more efficient and serve as a public conclave place. In addition, the fire stations contruction and design provides the neighborhood with a link to the past. The fire department expects to respond to fire calls in the area more quickly since firefighters will live at the station for no charge. The fire station serves more purposes than housing the fire department. Community groups can meet and hold picnics there. In addition to being more than a fire station, the facility has a legacy. It is on the site of a former school which burned down in the 1960s. power Belmont School students who are now retired helped build the new fire hall. Volunteers also lent a hand designing the exterior of the firestationfashioning the cupola after one at the old school. Building material contributions and volunteer labor helped to keep the cost of the project down. The grand opening will start at 400 p.m. Tours will be offered. A ribbon cutting will take place at 600 p.m. The station is on the corner of leafy vegetable Road and Sequoyah Road in Andersonville. The fire department expects to respond to fire calls in the area more quickly since firefighters will live at the station for no charge. The fire station serves more purposes than housing the fire department. Community gr oups can meet and hold picnics there. In addition to being more than a fire station, the facility has a legacy. It is on the site of a former school which burned down in the 1960s. Former Belmont School students who are now retired helped build the new fire hall. Volunteers also lent a hand designing the exterior of the firestation fashioning the cupola after one at the old school. According to a press release, the Belmont Fire Station will help make fighting fires in the community more efficient and serve as a public pull together place. In addition, the fire stations contruction and design provides the neighborhood with a link to the past. The fire department expects to respond to fire calls in the area more quickly since firefighters will live at the station for no charge. The fire station serves more purposes than housing the fire department. Community groups can meet and hold picnics there. The department celebrated the opening of its third fire station, located in the Belmont community. The new station is located at the site of the former Belmont School, which was destroyed by fire in the 1960s. The Andersonville Volunteer Fire Department celebrated a long-awaited new addition this afternoon. The station includes a community room and community picnic area. Firefighters will live at the station for free and be available to answer calls at night to help reduce response time. http//www.wbir.com/news/ member/286122/2/Andersonville-to-open-3rd-fire-station-Chapter 3 Summary, Conclusions and RecommendationsA. SummaryWe all know that a fire station is a structure with areas set aside forstorage of fire fighting apparatus such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. It may also have dormitory living facilities and work areas for the use of fire fighters. Living areas are sometimes arranged above the garage bays where personnel without specific station duties during the night shift are allo wed to sleep unless a dispatch is called. In that situation, fire fighters may have special means to allow entry to the ground floor quickly when a call for help is received, such as sliding down a brass pole called a firemans pole. This arrangement also allows for a raised area to hang hoses to dry to prevent damage. In a single story station, a tower-like structure is sometimes used for hose hanging. An occupied station will usually have a station alarm system for receiving and annunciating an alarm, and indications of where and what caused the alarm. However, sometimes the only alarm is a telephone that is rung in case of emergency. In a more structured operation, full-time or on-call volunteer or career fire fighters staff the station some or all of the time. There may be office space for the officers, a library of reference and other materials, and a trophy wall or case where the fire fighters display memorabilia. Activities in a fire station include regular inspection and clea ning of the apparatus and equipment, and continuing education in the fire service. Weekly or bi-weekly routine typically includes various drills in which fire fighters practice their skills. Some fire companies also host public activities at the fire station during annual fire prevention week In our case, we will be designing a first class fire station which means, this fire station will contain all of the necessary equipment and apparatus. Also, it will contain all of the necessary and additional space areas such as recreational area, different offices, living, dining and kitchen areas, library, training area, etc. We are planning to design a fire station that has modern aesthetics that will give a positive impression to us as the designers. Good function of our space program is also what were striving, for which this is a fire station, and it needs great planning of spaces mostly in case of emergencies and easy access of the fire trucks to the outside. We are really striving to de sign an image that would automatically determine that our structure is considered as first class. We will implement in our design the usage of glass which implies modern era and it will helpthe staff inside the building to be aware on their surroundings outside. B. ConclusionsBased on the findings, the following conclusions have been drawn1. In answer to question number 1 What design, materials and ideas contains in a first class fire station?The researchers found out that in a first class fire station, designs of modernism such as the usage of glass, metallic silver borders and bright sheeny colourize are used. Ideas of minimalism is always applied in modern first class fire stations, vast spaces is implied for better circulation and comfortable aura. Materials like glossy marble, picture glass window, etc. are used. The idea of having wide apparatus bay and more offices is implied in a first class fire station, having complete space areas and additional ones to. More dormitories and spaces for fire fighters, having a sense of home comfort during their stay in the fire station.2. In answer to question number 2 Why does first class fire stations are implemented and preferred nowadays?The researchers found out that first class fire stations are implemented and preferred in a lot of ways because primarily, first class fire stations have it all. The flexibility and functionality of a first class fire station when it comes to the services being offered by our fire fighters and officers are more upgraded because of modern technologies and design ideas used in a first class fire station. The needs and wants of the fire fighters and officers are met in a first class fire station. With this kind of environment, they are more eager to take and do their jobs more motivated because they are being paid off by the beauty and home comfort of their fire stations.3. In answer to question number 3 What to expect in a first class fire station?Well obviously, you will expect i n any first class structures, buildings, etc. the quality of the materials and designs used. In a first class fire station, it is expect that the materials and equipments used are top of the line, the designs are great and the way the space are programmed is outstanding. You will also expect in a first class fire station the aesthetics or beauty of the structure, the modernism of its design. First class fire stations have it all. The equipments and facilities are expected to be compete. The offices for different officers are divided in such for their own work to be accomplished. raw tools and apparatus are used, clothings and gears of fire fighters are complete, training grounds and recreational areas are found.C. RecommendationsAuthoritativeThe following recommendations were made by the researchers after analysing the beneficiaries of this particular study. These are follows1. To those who are planning to construct or to design a first class fire stations to know what to implement and to use, to have a smart space planning or programming and to have a satisfying way of life for their fire fighters and company.2. To the government, for which this study will serve as a great guidelines in designing and constructing a first class fire station for their country or city, having many facts and ideas in this study.3. To those concerned citizens who are curious enough to think of a first class fire station implementation for the betterment of our society in the field of fire emergency cases.4. To future researchers that would make a further study of this kind, it is recommended for them to absorb this study for them to have more knowledge and facts on what will they expand on their chosen research study topic.Researchers Recommendations1. As what is stated above, it is really advisable to recommend this research study to those who are planning to construct or to design a first class fire stations to know what to implement and to use, to have a smart space planning o r programming and to have a satisfying way of life for their fire fighters and company staff. This study would really help them throughout their thinking of what is needed in a first class fire station. This study will give a lot of bright ideas and will totally benefit from their design.-Ron Adrian P. Cruz2. This is recommended to those individuals with plans to construct a first class fire station for which this study contains a lot of facts and elaborate on what to use and to put in a first class fire station. This study will make their ideas more broad and flexible, they will know where to start and to put additional details that they unfortunately didnt saw on this research study.-Patrica Marie B. DayaoPART terceREFERENCESThe researchers would like to thank all of the persons and websites that openly expanded and broadened our research, their help contributes a lot in our case study research.Websites/Articleshttp//www.google.com.ph/http//manilastandardtoday.com/2013/07/12/two -fires-hit-makati/http//www.wbir.com/news/article/286122/2/Andersonville-to-open-3rd-fire-station-http//megacities-go-services.com/layout/set/print/Manila/Latest-News-Articleshttp//topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/f/fires_and_firefighters/index.htmlhttp//www.fireengineering.com/articles/2013/08/wrightstyle-looks-back-from-curfew-to-modern-us-fire-safety.htmlhttp//articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/fire-departmenthttp//en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Fire_Protectionhttp//www.quezoncity.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_ limit&view=category&layout=blog&id=69&Itemid=366http//www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2007/R1813part3.pdfhttp//www.isomitigation.com/ppc/fire-station.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_departmenthttp//www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=fire&searchmode=nonehttp//www.finedictionary.com/fire%20station.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Fire_Departmenthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_F ire_Departmenthttp//www.london-fire.gov.uk/http//www.peoriagov.org/fire-department/http//www.firestations.org.uk/Station_Details.php?stn=Woodford%20fire%20station&lat=51.609343&lon=0.024014http//www.hantsfire.gov.uk/stationdetail.htm?stcode=01&stname=basingstokehttp//www.hantsfire.gov.uk/stationdetail.htm?stcode=29&stname=petersfieldhttp//fireservices.ap.gov.in/http//www.nelsonmandelabay.gov.za/Content.aspx?objID=218http//710keel.com/more-details-surface-about-the-scandal-in-the-shreveport-fire-department/http//www.mfb.vic.gov.au/Contact-Us/MFB-details.htmlhttp//www.mfb.vic.gov.au/About-Us/Stations-and-Districts/Station-No-27.htmlPersons/EstablishmentsThe graduate library of Far Eastern University for allowing them to use their materials and resources such as books and thesis projectsThe electronic library of Far Eastern University for allowing them to use their books and computersMakati City Central Fire station for letting the researchers do an ocular inspection, interviews and pr ovide demonstrations for broader knowledge about this case study research topicTo Supt. Ricardo C. Perdigon for providing wide range of answers to our questions and additional facts for more understanding and knowledge about this case study research topic